現在 우리나라에서 栽培되고 있는 마늘은 오랜 歲月에 걸쳐 바이러스 感染에 無防備狀態로 放置된채 營養繁殖을 繼續해 왔기 때문에 大部分의 品種들이 退化되어 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 마늘의 單位收量과 質의 向上을 期하기 위해선 바이러스 無感染 씨마늘의 育成, 普及에 依한 品種更新이 不可避할 것으로 보인다. 本 硏究는 우리나라 마늘 栽培地帶 全域에서 가장 많이 發生하고 있는 모자이크病을 對象으로 바이러스의 分離, 檢定植物上의 反應, 傳染方法, 物理的性質, 純化方法, 血淸學的反應 및 形態等을 調査함과 同時, 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 適切한 檢定方法을 究明하여 앞으로 바이러스 無感染 씨마늘을 育成, 普及하는데 必要한 基礎資料를 얻을 目的으로 實施했으며 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 1970~1972年까지 3年間 全國의 主要 마늘栽培 地帶를 調査한 바 우리나라에서 栽培되고 있는 마늘의 거의 大部分이 모자이크病에 걸려있음이 觀察되었다. 2. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 Chenopodium amaranticolor에 汁液接種함으로써 單一系統을 分離할 수 있었다. 3. 26種의 檢定植物을 供試하여 마늘 모자이크 바이러스를 汁液接種한 結果, 接種 11~12日 後에 Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. album, C. koreanse 等 4種 植物의 接種葉上에 局部病斑 反應이 나타났다. 나머지 植物들에서는 病徵이 나타나지 않았을 뿐 만 아니라 C. amaranticolor에 逆接種했을 때도 바이러스는 回收되지 않았다. 4. 汁液接種에 依해 局部病斑 反應이 나타난 上記 4種 Chenopodium 屬 植物中에 서 C. amaranticolor와 C. quinoa는 反應이 銳敏하고 正確하기 때문에 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 檢定植物로 適當하다고 생각된다. 5. 感染株에서 由來한 種球와 珠芽는 모두 모자이크 바이러스에 感染되어 있었고 이들 感染種球와 珠芽를 通하여 100% 傳染되었다. 6. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 感染種球와 珠芽의 汁液에 依해서도 C. amaranticolor에 機械的 傳染이 되었다. 7. C. amaranticolor 上에 系統分離된 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 耐熱性은 65°~70°, 稀釋限界는 10?²~10?³, 그리고 保存限界는 2日이었다. 8. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 純化는 2回의 分劃遠心과 Sephadex gel filtration에 依해 서 可能했다. 9. 電子顯微鏡下에서 觀察한 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 길이 1200~1225mμ 폭 10~12mμ의 絲狀이었다. 10. 血淸學的 微量沈降 反應法에 依해 마늘 잎에서 뿐만 아니라 鱗片과 珠芽에서도 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 檢定이 可能했다. 11. 우리 나라 5個 地方에서 蒐集한 마늘 種球 150個와 珠芽 30個에 對해 血淸學的方法으로 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 感染率을 調査한 結果 100%의 感染率을 보였다. 12. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스와 크기가 近似한 Potato Virus X, Potato virus Y, Potato virus S, Potato virus M 等과의 血淸學的 類緣關係를 調査한 바, 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 이들과 區別되는 다른 바이러스라고 생각된다. 13. 마늘의 모자이크 感染株에서 單一系統으로 分離하여 本實驗에 便用한 바이러스는 마늘의 바이러스 無感染株를 얻을수가 없기 때문에 直接 마늘잎에 接種해서 모자이크病의 病原이라는 것을 確認할 수 없었지만, 檢定植物上의 反應, 血淸學的反應, 電子顯微鏡的觀察等의 間接的인 調査 結果로 미루어 未記錄의 마늘 모자이크 바이러스라고 생각된다.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop for the Korean people and has long been cultivated extensively in Korea. More recently it has gained importance as a source of certain pharmaceuticals. This additional use has also contributed to the increasing demand for Korean garlic. Garlic has been propagated vegetatively for a long time without control measures against virus diseases. As a result it is presumed that most of the garlic varieties in Korea may have degenerated. The production of virus-free plants offers the most feasible way to control the virus diseases of garlic. However, little is known about garlic viruses both domestically and in foreign countries. More basic information regarding garlic viruses is needed before a sound approach to the control of these diseases can be developed. Currently garlic mosaic disease is most prevalent in plantings throughout Korea and is considered to be the most important disease of garlic in Korea. Because of this importance, studies were initiated to isolate and characterize the garlic mosaic virus. Symptom expression in test plants, physical properties, purification, serological reaction and morphological characteristics of the garlic mosaic virus were determined. Results of these studies are summarized as follows. 1. Surveys made throughout the important garlic growing areas in Korea during 1970~1972 revealed that most of the garlic plants were heavily infected with mosaic disease. 2. A strain of garlic mosaic virus was obtained from infected garlic leaves and transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium amaranticolor by single lesion isolation technique. 3. The symptom expression of this garlic mosaic virus isolate was examined on 26 species of test plants. Among these, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. album and C. koreanse expressed chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves 11-12 days after mechanical inoculation with infective sap. The remaining 22 species showed no symptoms and no virus was recovered from them when back-inoculated to C. amaranticolor. 4. Among the four species of Chenopodium mentioned above, C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa appear to be the most suitable local lesion test plants for garlic mosaic virus. 5. Cloves and top-sets originating from mosaic infected garlic plants were 100% infected with the same virus. Consequently the garlic mosaic virus is successively transmitted through infected cloves and top-sets. 6. Garlic mosaic virus was mechanically transmitted to C. amaranticolor when inoculations were made with infective sap of cloves and top-sets. 7. Physical properties of the garlic mosaic virus as determined by inoculation onto C. amaranticolor were as follows. Thermal inactivation point : 65~70℃, Dilution end poiut : 10?²~10?₃, Aging in vitro : 2 days. 8. Electron microscopic examination of the garlic mosaic virus revealed long rod shaped particles measuring 1200~1250mμ. 9. Garlic mosaic virus was purified from leaf materials of C. amaranticolor by using two cycles of differential centrifugation followed by Sephadex gel filtration. 10. Garlic mosaic virus was successfully detected from infected garlic cloves and top-sets by a serological microprecipitin test. 11. Serological tests of 150 garlic cloves and 30 top-sets collected randomly from seperated plants throughout five different garlic growing regions in Korea revealed 100% infection with garlic mosaic virus. Accordingly it is concluded that most of the garlic cloves and top-sets now being used for propagation in Korea are carriers of the garlic mosaic virus. 12. Serological studies revealed that the garlic mosaic virus is not related with potato viruses X, Y, Sand M. 13. Because of the difficulty in securing mosaic virus-free garlic plants, direct inoculation with isolated virus to the garlic plants was not accomplished. Results of the present study, however, indicate that the virus isolate used here is the causal virus of the garlic mosaic disease in Korea.