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This paper is an attempt to interpret Yeats's poetry, which is the representation of either his dream or "Unconscious," in terms of the theories of Jacques Lacan. The primary assumption of this analysis is that psychoanalytical approach to texts is possible; every situation in the text corresponds with every situation in the human mind to which the proper terms suggested by Lacan can be referred. Hence, I think that this comes under one of objective ways to texts. To avoid the rigid and reified interpretation molded into the framework of psychoanalysis theory, however, the methodology of reader-response criticism is applied to the analysis of Yeats's poem "Under Ben Bulben."
Lacan thought of humans as discontented beings aspiring to fill their desire that had never been filled. Hence, he decentered Eros which would give humans complete pleasure, and criticized Ego's trends to grasp the totality of subject or things. Lacan regarded both the conscious and the unconscious as the same. The former is born from the latter, so speaker's utterance represents his/her unconscious situations, as it can be known well from his noted manifestation that "the unconscious is structured like a language" and "the unconscious is the discourse of the Other." Hence, Lacan suggests the relative freedom that allows analyst/reader and analysand/text to communicate each desire on the level of symbolic order instead of making much of the former or disregarding the latter. This means that there is no "subject supposed to be known" in the world. The condition of desire is lack (manque) and people are each the subject of desire which is that of lack. Therefore. Yeats is destined to want Others to desire. Now we desire to fill his desire and to share his unconscious, and vice versa.
Using the ways of "transference" and "counter-transference" of reading text, the former is found to depend on its signifiers as the objective evidences of interpretation. On the other hand, the later focuses that readers subjectively reconstruct the fabula of the text. In "Under Ben Bulben," Yeats's desire of jouissance of art stays on a discontent level (point de caption), and hints at a "repetition compulsion" for the ideal "agalma" or "objet petit a" of art.
Lacan thought of humans as discontented beings aspiring to fill their desire that had never been filled. Hence, he decentered Eros which would give humans complete pleasure, and criticized Ego's trends to grasp the totality of subject or things. Lacan regarded both the conscious and the unconscious as the same. The former is born from the latter, so speaker's utterance represents his/her unconscious situations, as it can be known well from his noted manifestation that "the unconscious is structured like a language" and "the unconscious is the discourse of the Other." Hence, Lacan suggests the relative freedom that allows analyst/reader and analysand/text to communicate each desire on the level of symbolic order instead of making much of the former or disregarding the latter. This means that there is no "subject supposed to be known" in the world. The condition of desire is lack (manque) and people are each the subject of desire which is that of lack. Therefore. Yeats is destined to want Others to desire. Now we desire to fill his desire and to share his unconscious, and vice versa.
Using the ways of "transference" and "counter-transference" of reading text, the former is found to depend on its signifiers as the objective evidences of interpretation. On the other hand, the later focuses that readers subjectively reconstruct the fabula of the text. In "Under Ben Bulben," Yeats's desire of jouissance of art stays on a discontent level (point de caption), and hints at a "repetition compulsion" for the ideal "agalma" or "objet petit a" of art.
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