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Koguryo established its capital in Jolbon area around 100 B. C. Its territory gradually expanded and included North Buyeo, Liaodong, and Pyeongyang. Around 200 A.D., it had economic and technological capabilities to construct large mountain fortresses at strategic points.
Fortresses of Koguryo were built on rugged terrains to seize important roads. Large-scale fortresses were built around valleys to secure water supply. For the construction of fortresses, both earth and stones were used. However, many more stone fortresses were constructed than earthen fortresses Building the outer walls with stones and filling up the inside with earth or building the foundation and center with earth and building the inner and outer walls with stones were typical fortress construction methods used throughout the Koguryo period.
On the other hand, Baekje established its capital near the downstream of Hanggang River around 100 B. C. Its territory expanded over time and included Mahan and Daebang Around 300 A.D., large-scale fortresses of about 3㎞ in perimeter, such as Pungnap earthen fortress and Mongchon earthen fortress, were built around the capital and large mountain fortresses were built around the border. The fortresses of Baekje were mostly built in the form of Temoe type, which is a method of building fortress around a hill of about 100-200m high. For the fortress construction, wood, earth, and stones were all used but earthen fortresses accounted for more than 50%. However, after moving the capital to Sabi, many stone fortresses were built. Still, most of the fortresses were small Temoe type mountain fortresses of less than 600m in perimeter.
The fortress construction methods of Koguryo and Baekje were different in many ways including the location and construction method. It is because of their different historical backgrounds, different environments and different construction technologies. Koguryo had to face China from early days while Baekje only had to deal with small kingdoms of Mahan. But after the capital was moved to Sabi, the fortresses of Baekje changed. From the construction material, shape of gate, and water collection facility, it seems that these fortresses were influenced by the fortress construction technology of Koguryo. This is probably closely related to the fact that increasing number of Koguryo elements are found in pottery and roof tiles of this period.
Fortresses of Koguryo were built on rugged terrains to seize important roads. Large-scale fortresses were built around valleys to secure water supply. For the construction of fortresses, both earth and stones were used. However, many more stone fortresses were constructed than earthen fortresses Building the outer walls with stones and filling up the inside with earth or building the foundation and center with earth and building the inner and outer walls with stones were typical fortress construction methods used throughout the Koguryo period.
On the other hand, Baekje established its capital near the downstream of Hanggang River around 100 B. C. Its territory expanded over time and included Mahan and Daebang Around 300 A.D., large-scale fortresses of about 3㎞ in perimeter, such as Pungnap earthen fortress and Mongchon earthen fortress, were built around the capital and large mountain fortresses were built around the border. The fortresses of Baekje were mostly built in the form of Temoe type, which is a method of building fortress around a hill of about 100-200m high. For the fortress construction, wood, earth, and stones were all used but earthen fortresses accounted for more than 50%. However, after moving the capital to Sabi, many stone fortresses were built. Still, most of the fortresses were small Temoe type mountain fortresses of less than 600m in perimeter.
The fortress construction methods of Koguryo and Baekje were different in many ways including the location and construction method. It is because of their different historical backgrounds, different environments and different construction technologies. Koguryo had to face China from early days while Baekje only had to deal with small kingdoms of Mahan. But after the capital was moved to Sabi, the fortresses of Baekje changed. From the construction material, shape of gate, and water collection facility, it seems that these fortresses were influenced by the fortress construction technology of Koguryo. This is probably closely related to the fact that increasing number of Koguryo elements are found in pottery and roof tiles of this period.
목차
Ⅰ. 築城의 意味와 重要性
Ⅱ. 高句麗 城郭의 築城法
Ⅲ. 百濟 城郭의 築城法
Ⅳ. 高句麗와 百濟 城郭의 築城法 比較
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