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The division of the Korean Peninsula resulted in not only the political, economic and social divisions, but also the language and concepts divisions. Each nation tends to avoid certain words, just because they are used in the other nation. The representative example is the term ‘Inmin(人民)’. It is just a daily word meaning ‘people'. Soon after the Korean Restoration of Independence from Japan, however, the left and North Korea called the subject of the establishment of the nation as ‘Inmin’. That's why the right and South Korea put the word under taboo and only have used the term ‘Gukmin(國民)', which means nation, since then. This article examines why the same term, which indicates the origin of sovereignty and the members of a nation, came to be divided into Gukmin and Inmin after the Liberation of Korea.
There were various words which meant the group of residents in Korea or the people from Korea at the time of the Liberation, such as Inmin, Gukmin, Baekseong, Minjok, Gyeore, Dongpo, Minjung, Daejung, etc. Among such words, however, Inmin became to be considered as the term of the left, when ‘The Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence' declared the establishment of ‘The Korean People's Republic' in the September in 1945. The right, instead of the word, called the subject of the establishment of the nation as Gukmin. The left sticked to the word, because they would establish their country on the basis of Peoples' Committees, which had been organized in many places on people's own initiative after the Liberation. On the other hand, the right tried to secure their authorities by advocating ‘Provisional Government of Korea', and preferred the term Gukmin by which they could place emphasis on the superiority of the country to individuals. Finally, the Constitution of South Korea refers to the origin of sovereignty and the members of a nation as Gukmin. In contrast, the Constitution of North Korea refers to the origin of sovereignty as Inmin.
There is another term ‘Gongmin(公民)', which means citizen, in the North Korea's Constitution. The term Inmin implies general people prior to the establishment of countries, so they need other term than Inmin to indicate individuals who should be ruled by the national laws. That's why the term Gongmin is used, which is equal to ‘rpaжДah' of Russian. The first Constitution of North Korea explicitly provided for the term Gongmin not to discriminate people according to their races. It even had the provision that members of minor race who have Gongmin right have the freedom to use their mother tongue and the right to develop their traditional culture. This provision aimed to consider the Chinese people in North Korea for friendly relationship with China.
There were various words which meant the group of residents in Korea or the people from Korea at the time of the Liberation, such as Inmin, Gukmin, Baekseong, Minjok, Gyeore, Dongpo, Minjung, Daejung, etc. Among such words, however, Inmin became to be considered as the term of the left, when ‘The Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence' declared the establishment of ‘The Korean People's Republic' in the September in 1945. The right, instead of the word, called the subject of the establishment of the nation as Gukmin. The left sticked to the word, because they would establish their country on the basis of Peoples' Committees, which had been organized in many places on people's own initiative after the Liberation. On the other hand, the right tried to secure their authorities by advocating ‘Provisional Government of Korea', and preferred the term Gukmin by which they could place emphasis on the superiority of the country to individuals. Finally, the Constitution of South Korea refers to the origin of sovereignty and the members of a nation as Gukmin. In contrast, the Constitution of North Korea refers to the origin of sovereignty as Inmin.
There is another term ‘Gongmin(公民)', which means citizen, in the North Korea's Constitution. The term Inmin implies general people prior to the establishment of countries, so they need other term than Inmin to indicate individuals who should be ruled by the national laws. That's why the term Gongmin is used, which is equal to ‘rpaжДah' of Russian. The first Constitution of North Korea explicitly provided for the term Gongmin not to discriminate people according to their races. It even had the provision that members of minor race who have Gongmin right have the freedom to use their mother tongue and the right to develop their traditional culture. This provision aimed to consider the Chinese people in North Korea for friendly relationship with China.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 해방 초기 인민ㆍ국민 개념의 모호성과 분화
Ⅲ. 인민ㆍ국민 개념의 정치적 재정의
Ⅳ. 남한 헌법에서 ‘인민’ 의 배제와 ‘국민’ 개념으로의 정리
Ⅴ. 북한 헌법의 인민주권과 공민, 그리고 소수민족
Ⅵ. 결론
〈ABSTRACT〉
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