본 연구는 정신장애인의 노동시장 내 직업안정을 위해 인구사회학적 요인, 장애관련 요인, 직업능력 요인, 사회환경 요인과 직업유지와의 관계를 살펴보고, 제 요인이 직업유지에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구 수행을 위한 자료 수집은 2002년부터 2007년까지 6년간 한국장애인고용촉진공단의 구직 등록 후 취업한 정신장애인 511명을 연구대상자로 선정하였으며, 3개월 이상 직업유지를 한 경우가 300명, 3개월 미만 직업유지를 한 경우가 211명이었다. 연구결과 제 요인이 직업유지에 미치는 영향력은, 병식, 과거 직업력, 가족의 지지, 취업직종, 사업체 규모의 다섯 가지 요인이 직업유지에 영향을 주었다. 이것은 정신장애인이 병식이 높을수록, 과거 직업력이 있을수록, 가족의 지지가 낮을수록, 단순노무 및 조립직종이나 서비스ㆍ판매직종에 종사할수록, 대규모 사업장에 종사할수록 직업유지 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 병식이 직업유지에 가장 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 분석 결과는 직업유지에 성공한 정신장애인에 관한 연구뿐만 아니라 중도 탈락한 정신장애인에 대한 체계적인 관리, 정신장애인 중 경제활동 연령층 뿐 아니라 30대 후반 이상의 연령층에 대한 직업재활 접근 및 고학력 정신장애인과 단순생산 및 노무 등에 종사하는 정신장애인에 대한 폭넓은 정책적 지원과 연구의 필요성, 증상에 대한 자기관리 뿐 아니라 병식을 개선할 수 있는 자기정체성 및 자기 효능감의 강화를 위한 개별화된 프로그램이나 다양한 재활서비스의 제공이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.
Persons with mental disorder try to live a satisfactory life by adapting themselves to a community through stable job maintenance despite many discrimination factors after labor market access. However, since personal and environmental problems occurring in a vocational life can be factors interfering with their job maintenance and can furthermore have negative effects on the rehabilitative goal of return to society, investigation into main factors affecting job maintenance is a very important task. In this context, it is important to examine relations between socio-demographic, disorder-related, vocational-ability, and socio-environment factors and job maintenance and to analyze effects of those factors on job maintenance. To conduct this study, data collection was implemented in a sample of 970 employed persons with mental disorder who registered themselves for employment counseling in the Korea Employment Promotion Agency for the Disabled for 6 years from 2002 to 2007; with improper ones excluded, 511 persons were selected for the study, 300 maintaining their job for 3 months or more and 211 maintaining their job for less than 3 months. The results can be summarized as follows: After analyzing relations between each factor and job maintenance, 5 factors were found to be related to job maintenance. as for effects of those factors on job maintenance, disease type exerted the greatest effects on job maintenance, followed by past occupational history, family support, occupation employed, and business size. Mentally-disordered persons whose disease type was higher, who had past occupational history, who got lower family support, who were employed in simple labor, assembly, or service/sales, or who worked in a large business were more likely to show job maintenance, with disease type having the greatest effects on job maintenance. On the basis of the results, the following suggestions can be made. First, in the academic respect, researches on systematic management of mentally-disordered persons who dropped out as well as on those who succeeded in job maintenance are required. Second, in the strategic aspect, vocational-rehabilitation approaches to persons with mental disorder in the age-groups of late-30s or more as well as in those of working age are required. Third, in the practical aspect, it will be necessary to provide individualized programs or various rehabilitation services to reinforce self-identity and self-efficacy which can improve disease type as well as self-control of symptoms.