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This study aims to look into the contents and characteristics of the international tributary relations that the Northern Song as a Chinese dynasty had, with about 40 countries, from the 10th to the early years of the 12th century. I analyzed chinese historical records which show the basic forms and characteristics of Song's tributary relations, because the term 'tributary relations' can be interpreted in various ways. Also, there is a lack of Korean related materials.
First, I researched about 40 countries that paid tributes to Song. I found out that the intentions of tributes from them were different. Some countries had a sovereign and subject relationship with Song, so they can truly be regarded as tributary countries. On the other hand, others were treated as tributary countries even though they had a simple interchange with Song without the tributary relation. In other words, there were cases in which the delegation that the other country sent, without the intention of tributes, was accepted as a tribute by Song, and in which a merchant as an individual tried to do commerce with Song under the guise of tributes. These cases serve an important clue to understand the intentions of the tributary countries and Song's idea about tributary relations at that time.
In another aspect, I analyzed 1109 specific cases or so in the related materials, in order to find out how the tributary relations of that time had actually been developed. I classified their characteristics by type and looked into how the distribution of tributes by time was associated with international relations. As a result, I found out that most of the tributary relations were made by some special countries while others paid their tributes to Song at most once every three years, or only during a certain period.
Also, when the changes of tributary relations are plotted on a graph, the rises and falls of the curve are drawn repeatedly at a certain point, which suggests that these changes have a subtle relationship with the changes of Song's important international relations.
The results of this study could be a chance to invigorate the studies on the international relations of China and Eastern Asia, Judging from the present situation that no model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Song era has yet been suggested, this study will allow the history of Eastern Asia to be diachronically reorganized, and will suggest a possible model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Song era. As it is, a lot of studies on the contents and characteristics of the tributary system have been done by time, from the Jin and Han Era to the modem age of China, while those during the Song era seem to have been neglected. Accordingly, this study should contribute to diachronically connecting the international relations of Eastern Asia.
First, I researched about 40 countries that paid tributes to Song. I found out that the intentions of tributes from them were different. Some countries had a sovereign and subject relationship with Song, so they can truly be regarded as tributary countries. On the other hand, others were treated as tributary countries even though they had a simple interchange with Song without the tributary relation. In other words, there were cases in which the delegation that the other country sent, without the intention of tributes, was accepted as a tribute by Song, and in which a merchant as an individual tried to do commerce with Song under the guise of tributes. These cases serve an important clue to understand the intentions of the tributary countries and Song's idea about tributary relations at that time.
In another aspect, I analyzed 1109 specific cases or so in the related materials, in order to find out how the tributary relations of that time had actually been developed. I classified their characteristics by type and looked into how the distribution of tributes by time was associated with international relations. As a result, I found out that most of the tributary relations were made by some special countries while others paid their tributes to Song at most once every three years, or only during a certain period.
Also, when the changes of tributary relations are plotted on a graph, the rises and falls of the curve are drawn repeatedly at a certain point, which suggests that these changes have a subtle relationship with the changes of Song's important international relations.
The results of this study could be a chance to invigorate the studies on the international relations of China and Eastern Asia, Judging from the present situation that no model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Song era has yet been suggested, this study will allow the history of Eastern Asia to be diachronically reorganized, and will suggest a possible model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Song era. As it is, a lot of studies on the contents and characteristics of the tributary system have been done by time, from the Jin and Han Era to the modem age of China, while those during the Song era seem to have been neglected. Accordingly, this study should contribute to diachronically connecting the international relations of Eastern Asia.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. ‘宋的 國際環境‘의 形成과 ‘朝貢‘의 意味
Ⅲ. 宋代의 朝貢國과 朝貢의 分布
Ⅳ. 朝貢의 推移와 國際關係
Ⅴ. 결어
〈Abstract〉
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2010-911-002847320