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According to Roland Barthes, there are two types of amorous discourse in western literature. The first one is a jealous paranoiac lover, found in French literature from Racine to Proust. The other is a romantic lover, celebrated by German Romanticism, particularly in the lieder of Schubert and Schumann. The purpose of this paper is to examine the love discourse described in A la recherche du temps perdu by Proust, and to define Proustian love discourse either as passionate or as jealous, in comparison with other archetypes of love found in novels like Tristan Iseult and Werther.
The birth of desire, or “crystallization,” is defined as an exaltation of imagination in De l'Amour by Stendhal. When Swann meets Odette for the first time, he does not feel anything but a physical nausea since Odette is not his type. But as he identifies Odette with the woman of Botticelli, a painter during the Renaissance, his love begins. The ‘coup de foudre’ does not exist in Proustian discourse. The quality of the beloved object is not important to Proust. Rather, the insignificance of the object is emphasized in the Proustian love.
Love is essentially experienced by the absence and jealousy in the love of Swann. This is because the world expressed by the beloved woman is always a world that excludes us; therefore, the beloved woman is often presented as soul, name, landscape, or even country. Likewise, the sentiment in Proust, produced by the fear from imagining that the beloved may prefer some one else and may taste pleasure in a party without the subject, cause the atrocious painful suffering to the subject. Suffering plays a major role in the Proustian love discourse and the subject gets swept away by a perpetual circus of torment, where he'll never find peace. But we should remember that jealousy is not always negative in Proust. It is true that jealousy contributes to the discovery of the truth. When the jealous man can decipher one of the beloved's lies, he experiences a tiny joy. As Deleuze said, “jealousy goes further into the comprehension and interpretations of signs and contributes to search for the truth.” And the truth of love in Proustian novel is “to love without being loved.”
We may locate the origin of this jealousy or dissatisfied desire in the hero's love for his mother. Here, however, we encounter Swann, who deprives the child of the maternal presence when he comes to Combray for dinner. In Proust, the anguish of the hero suffers over his mother appears in the episode of magic lamp, which projects the story of Genevieeve de Brabant of the Middle ages. This legend refers to the theme of cruelty and desire, but the principal meaning of this legend signifies the abandonment of Genevieve since the ego identifies himself with her. The letter sent by Marcel to his mother represents the abandonment because the son's demand for love is refused by the mother with no response. So we can say that the dissatisfied love or the impossible desire is based on this experience of abandonment, or ‘mangue-a-etre’ selon Lacan. However, this ‘scene of good night kiss’ is compensated by the episode of madeleine, a sign of happiness, because the episode teaches the subject that he can reach to others‘ His desire can be fulfilled by inventing an ideal mother like ‘tante Leonie’ or en]이ring his own fantasies. Eventually, the subject survives suffering and rises again for a new life.
This is why Proustian love discourse is different from that of Tristan and Iseult, another archetype of love, which reveals the desire of death under hymn of love as passion. A la recherche du temps perdu is the most beautiful love story where suffering of love is tranmuted into Art, the world of happmess and the desire for life.
The birth of desire, or “crystallization,” is defined as an exaltation of imagination in De l'Amour by Stendhal. When Swann meets Odette for the first time, he does not feel anything but a physical nausea since Odette is not his type. But as he identifies Odette with the woman of Botticelli, a painter during the Renaissance, his love begins. The ‘coup de foudre’ does not exist in Proustian discourse. The quality of the beloved object is not important to Proust. Rather, the insignificance of the object is emphasized in the Proustian love.
Love is essentially experienced by the absence and jealousy in the love of Swann. This is because the world expressed by the beloved woman is always a world that excludes us; therefore, the beloved woman is often presented as soul, name, landscape, or even country. Likewise, the sentiment in Proust, produced by the fear from imagining that the beloved may prefer some one else and may taste pleasure in a party without the subject, cause the atrocious painful suffering to the subject. Suffering plays a major role in the Proustian love discourse and the subject gets swept away by a perpetual circus of torment, where he'll never find peace. But we should remember that jealousy is not always negative in Proust. It is true that jealousy contributes to the discovery of the truth. When the jealous man can decipher one of the beloved's lies, he experiences a tiny joy. As Deleuze said, “jealousy goes further into the comprehension and interpretations of signs and contributes to search for the truth.” And the truth of love in Proustian novel is “to love without being loved.”
We may locate the origin of this jealousy or dissatisfied desire in the hero's love for his mother. Here, however, we encounter Swann, who deprives the child of the maternal presence when he comes to Combray for dinner. In Proust, the anguish of the hero suffers over his mother appears in the episode of magic lamp, which projects the story of Genevieeve de Brabant of the Middle ages. This legend refers to the theme of cruelty and desire, but the principal meaning of this legend signifies the abandonment of Genevieve since the ego identifies himself with her. The letter sent by Marcel to his mother represents the abandonment because the son's demand for love is refused by the mother with no response. So we can say that the dissatisfied love or the impossible desire is based on this experience of abandonment, or ‘mangue-a-etre’ selon Lacan. However, this ‘scene of good night kiss’ is compensated by the episode of madeleine, a sign of happiness, because the episode teaches the subject that he can reach to others‘ His desire can be fulfilled by inventing an ideal mother like ‘tante Leonie’ or en]이ring his own fantasies. Eventually, the subject survives suffering and rises again for a new life.
This is why Proustian love discourse is different from that of Tristan and Iseult, another archetype of love, which reveals the desire of death under hymn of love as passion. A la recherche du temps perdu is the most beautiful love story where suffering of love is tranmuted into Art, the world of happmess and the desire for life.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 욕망의 탄생
Ⅲ. 부재와 질투
Ⅳ. 배제된 향연
Ⅴ. 결어
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