The purpose of this study is to analyse the process how Japan’s military arts could be modernized in accordance with the modernization of Japan’s political and social aspect through the 19th and 20th century. The Meiji government abolished the system of social position as one of the social renovation processes in the course of modernization. In 1870s private troops tried to sweep away the closed organizational structure and step toward to the public showing. The public acknowledged the need of traditional sword arts through the outbreak of Seinan war for keeping the peace by the army and policemen. By the way, Kano who acquired the new education from the western world, introduced the new Judo which cleared out the organizational close off and violence of the past martial arts. Judo came into being existence through the desire the formation of the modem country preserving the traditional martial arts and the reflection of political and social needs of the symbolic creature of the sprit of nationalism. Pan Japan martial arts association Tainipponbudokukai held the martial arts festival and many martial artists participated and finally unified the rules. That is to say that Judo as well as the other martial arts became modernized which symbolize the national identity as a physical culture by the Meiji government intention.