본고는 계명대학교 동산도서관에 소장하고 있는 족보를 연구하여 조선시대 身分史, 家族史, 社會史, 女性史 등의 기반자료로 활용하는데 목적을 둔다. 동산도서관에 소장되어 있는 족보는 2,384종 13,47책이다. 전체 종수에서 약 10%가 18세기 이전에 편성?간행된 善本이다. 이 善本에서는 60 姓氏에 137 本貫이 확인된다. 문헌학적으로 살펴보면 17세기 이전 족보 중에는 남녀 출생순으로 편성하여 外孫을 무제한 수록하고 改嫁에 따른 後夫를 표기한 것,入養에 따른 繼後를 표기한 것, 宗法 중시에 따라 사위(壻)만 표기한 것,庶子에게도 배우자를 표기한 것 등이 있었다. 18세기 족보 중에는 摘庶 표기로 갈등을 보인 것, 출판 경비를 표기한 것,分邀錄을 기록한 것 등이 있었다. 사회 변화 현상과 관련하여 족보는 17세기를 기점으로 혈통 중심에서 本宗 중심으로, 아들이 없을 때 祭祀는 外孫 奉祀에서 養子 奉祀로, 族譜는 內外譜에서 同姓譜로, 족보편성은 從年次法에서 先男後女法으로 전환되고 있었다. 이점은 壬辰, 丙子 양 大亂을 겪은 후 明?淸 교체기에 尊周論이 대두되던 정치, 사회현상과 무관하지 않았다. 庶子女의 경우, 17세기 후반에 차별이 심해지다가,18세기 중반에 신분변화의 조짐이 나타나서 ‘庶’ 字를 뺀 族譜가 일시적으로 발간되기도 하였다. 그러나 摘庶신분의 장벽은 19세기 말까지 허물어지지 않았다. 中人層과 관련하여 살펴보면 족보 附錄에 실은 別譜는 先系를 알지 못하는 자를 위해 편성한 것인데, 이 家系에 속한 사람들을 別派라 하여 편성할 때부터 차별이 있었다. 別譜에서는 鄕吏를 포함한 中人들을 찾아볼 수 있는데,주로 15세기에서 18세기 초반에 활동한 가문이었다. 족보의 내용 양상에서는 吏讀式 이름이 나타나는데 주로 庶孼 계층이 사용하였다. 배우자의 氏와 姓 표기에 따라 貴賤 尊卑의 신분 식별도 가능하였다. 또 신분 사회적 병리현상으로 19세기 이후 儒譜가 出刊되거나, 족보 편집자와의 결탁으로 인한 내용 변개 양상이 나타나서 출판 사회학적 문제가 대두되기도 하였다.
This study is to inquire into the Jokbos(族譜, genealogical tables) which the Dongsan Library of Keimyung University has, so as to use them a basic material in the studies of history of social status system, family history, social history, women’s history in the Chosun period. The Jokbos which the Dongsan Library has are 2,384 kinds and 13,147 volumes. About 10% of them are Sunbon(善本, volumes with philological value of Jokbos) organized and published before the 18th century, in which 60 family names and 137 family origins contain. In a philological view, the Jokbos published before the 17th century have some characteristics of record; to record the second husband from the second marriage and to list the children of mother’s side regardless of their numbers by organizing the Jokbos into the order of male-female birth, to record a family line from adoption, to record only son-in-laws according to a code of clan regulations, to record a spouse also for the children of a concubine. Some of the Jokbos of the 18th century recorded the publication expenses, their distribution record, and the conflict by the issue of record of legitimation and illegitimation. In a view of social changes, beginning in the 17th century, the Jokbos changes from the emphasis on blood to the emphasis on the relatives of the same clan, from serving a memorial ceremony by mother side’s son to serving a memorial ceremony by adopted son in case there is no son to serve a memorial ceremony. Jokbos changes from Nae-oebo(內外譜, Jokbo including cognates) to Dongsungbo(同姓譜, Jokbo including the patrilineal kin only). The organization of Jokbo changes from Jongyunchabup(從年次法, rule of organization by the order of male-female birth) to Sunnamwhonyebup(先男後女法, rule of organization to record first male descendents and then female descendents regardless of their age). These changes are not irrelevant from the political and social phenomena, in which 尊周論(Chonjuron, Discourse of redeeming Zhou) came to the fore in a shifting period of Ming to Ching Dynasty in China after Imjin War, Beong-ja War. In case of discrimination against the children of a concubine, the discrimination became harder in the late 17th century, and it was relaxed due to the changes of social status in the mid-18th century. And then the Jokbos were published left off ’Seo’(庶, born of concubine) temporarily. However, the barrier of the social status was not fallen until the late 19th century. In a view of the Jung-in class(a kind of the middle class people of Chosun, Byeolbo(別譜, a supplementary table of Jokbo) was organized for the persons who did not know their ancestor’s lineage. These people were called as Byeolpa(別派), who were discriminated from the time of organization of the Jokbo. Jung-in including Hayangri(鄕吏, a person in government office) is found in Byeolbo, who played a role from the 15th century to the early 18th century. In a view of contents of Jokbos, Idu(吏讀)-type Sino-Korean names are found, which mainly used for class of Seol(庶孼, children of a concubine and their descents). It is possible to identify social status such as high and low, noble and mean by the record of surname and first name. Due to the abnormal effect of status system, fake Jokbos were sometimes published. And contents of Jokbos were often revised in collusion with editor of Jokbo, by which the publicational and sociological issues were raised.