본 논고는 한국 古代의 百戱雜技와 舞樂의 종류 및 내용, 傳承過程, 사회적 기능을 검토한 것이다. 고구려의 고분벽화에 다양한 百戱雜技와 舞樂이 전하고, 이밖에 고대의 백희로서 弄珠, 伎樂, 馬技, 蹴鞠, 角抵와 手搏, 水石戰, 舟戱 등이 있었다. 그리고 舞樂으로 胡旋舞와 歌芝栖, 신라의 여러 鄕樂과 鄕樂雜詠에 전하는 가무, 御舞詳審과 玉刀鈐, 處容舞와 無?戱, 踏鎚 등이 있었다. 고대의 무악 가운데 무애무, 처용무, 황창랑무등이 내용이 약간씩 바뀌면서 고려와 조선시대까지 전승되었고, 고대사회에서 백희와 무악은 정치지배자나 국가가 정치적 통합력을 강화하거나 사람들의 스트레스 해소에 중요한 역할을 수행하였을 뿐만 아니라 문화교류와 발전에도 크게 기여하였다. 또한 복을 부르고 사악한 기운을 물리치기 위하여 백희잡기와 무악을 자주 공연하기도 하였다.
This paper examined the kind and contents, transmission process, social function of the Entertainment and Dances in Korean Ancient times. A various Entertainment and Dances were painted on the Goguryeo tomb murals, and there were Nongju(Playing with ball), Kiak Dance, Playing games on horseback, Football, Wrestling, Old taekwondo, War withWater and Stone, Playing games on a ship as an Entertainment and techniques, Dramatic plays in Ancient times. And as a Dances, the Hoseon Dance, Kajiseo Dance, various native Silla"s Music, Songs and Dances which included in Hyangakjabyeong, Eomusangsim Dance, Okdogeom Dance, Cheoyong Dance, Muae Dance, Dabchu Dance were existed in this times. Muae and Cheoyong, Hwangchangrang Dance among the ancient dances, which had been changed it"s contents a bit, handed down in the Goryeo and Chosun Dynasty. The Entertainment and Dances had played an important role to strengthen political integration by political leader and state, and to relieve people stress. In addition, these were a significant contribution to cultural exchange and development. Also in order to keep away evil spirits and seek blessings an ancient people frequently performed Entertainment and Dances.