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The objective of this article is to examine the concept of laicite with reference to the Vichy Government in order to understand the problem of “Hijab Affaire” in France.
The Vichy Government had a good partnership with the Catholic Church, and reestablished the law of catholic education(September 4, 1940). This law was against the separation of the church and state(this separation was the principle of the French Republic). However, until now, the French Government was upholding the law passed in 1940, which guarantees the Catholic Church more privileges as compared to those granted to other religions. The French Republic established a law based on laicite, which provides for the wearing of religious symbols in public schools.
Why did the French Republic strictly apply law with respect to the Hijab Affaire, under the principle of the separation of the church and state?
There are three possible answers to this question. First, the Catholic Church had privileges in the past. The Third French Republic had attempted to give the Catholic Church more power than other religions and in 1940, the Vichy Government made and passed laws concerning the educative function of the Catholic Church. Second, the Vichy Government brought back the law passed in 1940 in order to reestablish the former national identity. This Government wanted an educational system that was based on the concept of laicite. The Catholic Church voluntarily accepted it. These two agencies invented conciliatory laicite for national education. The Catholic Church was not a universal religion but the traditional and national one in this conciliatoty laicite. Finally, laicite under the Vichy Government emphasized the national identity and proceeded to have an “exclusive” attitude toward other religions and races. This could have resulted in a policy biased toward anti Semitism.
With respect to this point, we can today observe the double attitude of the French Republic. This attitude has its origins in laicite practiced by the Vichy Government. Thus, it was necessary to examine the characteristics of laicite, and how they were different under the Vichy Government and for the Catholic Church.
The Vichy Government had a good partnership with the Catholic Church, and reestablished the law of catholic education(September 4, 1940). This law was against the separation of the church and state(this separation was the principle of the French Republic). However, until now, the French Government was upholding the law passed in 1940, which guarantees the Catholic Church more privileges as compared to those granted to other religions. The French Republic established a law based on laicite, which provides for the wearing of religious symbols in public schools.
Why did the French Republic strictly apply law with respect to the Hijab Affaire, under the principle of the separation of the church and state?
There are three possible answers to this question. First, the Catholic Church had privileges in the past. The Third French Republic had attempted to give the Catholic Church more power than other religions and in 1940, the Vichy Government made and passed laws concerning the educative function of the Catholic Church. Second, the Vichy Government brought back the law passed in 1940 in order to reestablish the former national identity. This Government wanted an educational system that was based on the concept of laicite. The Catholic Church voluntarily accepted it. These two agencies invented conciliatory laicite for national education. The Catholic Church was not a universal religion but the traditional and national one in this conciliatoty laicite. Finally, laicite under the Vichy Government emphasized the national identity and proceeded to have an “exclusive” attitude toward other religions and races. This could have resulted in a policy biased toward anti Semitism.
With respect to this point, we can today observe the double attitude of the French Republic. This attitude has its origins in laicite practiced by the Vichy Government. Thus, it was necessary to examine the characteristics of laicite, and how they were different under the Vichy Government and for the Catholic Church.
목차
Ⅰ. 문제제기
Ⅱ. 프랑스 라이시테의 역사적 변화
Ⅲ. 비시정부와 가톨릭교회의 ‘절충‘ 라이시테
Ⅳ. 민족정체성을 위한 라이시테와 반유대주의
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Resume〉
〈Summary〉
참고문헌 (40)
참고문헌 신청
1. [기타자료] - / 1882 / Loi du 28 mars 1882
2. [기타자료] - / 1901 / Loi du 1er juillet 1901 relative au contrat d’association Art. 14
3. [기타자료] - / 1944 / Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 relative au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine sur le territoire continental
4. [단행본] - Paul Robert / 1984 / Laïcité, In Le Petit Robert 1 / Le Robert
5. [단행본] - 신행선 / 2011 / 공화국 학교와 라이시테-여성교육의 필요성과 여성의 역할, In 프랑스의 열정: 공화국과 공화주의 / 아카넷
2. [기타자료] - / 1901 / Loi du 1er juillet 1901 relative au contrat d’association Art. 14
3. [기타자료] - / 1944 / Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 relative au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine sur le territoire continental
4. [단행본] - Paul Robert / 1984 / Laïcité, In Le Petit Robert 1 / Le Robert
5. [단행본] - 신행선 / 2011 / 공화국 학교와 라이시테-여성교육의 필요성과 여성의 역할, In 프랑스의 열정: 공화국과 공화주의 / 아카넷
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2013-926-003214773