Aesthetics was invented as a project of modernity in the 18th century to enlist the idea of beauty in the formation of modern autonomous subjects. Among its major theorists, Kant in his Critique of Judgment conceived the consummate aesthetic ideas about the relation of the beautiful and the moral, on which Schiller and Coleridge built their models of the aesthetic state. They drew on his idea of aesthetic judgment and enlarged it to their ideal of political states which provided the structural framework for the reconciliation of freedom and law. This paper explores and compares their aesthetic ideas expressed respectively in Schiller’s Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man and Coleridge’s On the Constitution of the Church and State in relation to their political implications for the reciprocal constitution of the modern nation-state and its citizens. Schiller tries to fashion the modern autonomous subjects and envision their form of political association governed by the play drive, or the idea of beauty, in which sense drive in the natural state and formal drive in the ethical state mutually removes the other’s limitations, opening the possibility of moral, political freedom. And Coleridge defines the concepts of the National Church and the National Clerisy, whose role is to constitute the citizens or “free subjects” according to the idea of the state. For him, the processes of the citizen’s constitution or the acts of “cultivation” in his own term, are equivalent to those of Schiller’s aesthetic education in that the citizens learn how to reconcile their freedom with the demand of the law by the education of the National Clerisy. In these aspects, both of the theorists can be said to embody the organicist ideal of the social and the political in the Romantic era.