지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 동양사학회 동양사학연구 東洋史學硏究 第127輯
- 발행연도
- 2014.6
- 수록면
- 341 - 378 (38page)
- DOI
- 10.17856/jahs.2014.06.127.341
이용수
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
This study explored the Tama Cemetery(Tamareien), the first modern park cemetery in Japan, diachronically, focusing on the historical background and reasons of its birth, its public uses, and its degeneration during the war time.
According to the results of this study, the Tama Cemetery was born in response to the increasing need of public cemeteries for replacing temple cemeteries according to the Meiji government’s policies suppressing Buddhism and for meeting the demand of burial ground rising along with rapid urbanization. Inoshita Kiyoshi, who was one of those in charge of works related to burial ground in the Park Department, planned the first park cemetery in Japan as a huge single park for both beautiful scenery and resting by combining Japanese traditions and Western memorial parks, and opened part of it first in April, 1923. As the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred 5 months after, the Tama Cemetery was expanded in order to accommodate a great number of earthquake victims and, at the same time, for Tokyo City’s long harbored policy to remove temple cemeteries outside the city by force.
Different from traditional graveyards that were usually private or community spaces, the municipal Tama Cemetery was used as a more public space. First, it operated a temporary charnel house and provided burial grounds for unclaimed deaths. Second, it buried famous people including Togo Heihachiro (東?平八?), the hero of the Japanese Navy, and therefore was used as a space for public commemoration of them. Tamareien (多磨?園) was occasionally advertised as a space of assimilatory reconciliation or conversion, and some people chose it as a place for taking their lives by themselves.
With the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War in 1937, however, the Tama Cemetery was provided free to the war dead and their families, and even it was used to grow crops. As fallen famous generals were buried in succession just before the defeat, the cemetery was degenerated into a space for commemorating them, encouraging a fighting spirit, and renewing the pledge of loyalty and patriotism. In addition, Inoshita, who had been trying to implement the idea of park cemeteries, participated in the process of degeneration actively as the head of the Park Section of Tokyo City, and this represents the irony of modern Japanese history symbolically.
According to the results of this study, the Tama Cemetery was born in response to the increasing need of public cemeteries for replacing temple cemeteries according to the Meiji government’s policies suppressing Buddhism and for meeting the demand of burial ground rising along with rapid urbanization. Inoshita Kiyoshi, who was one of those in charge of works related to burial ground in the Park Department, planned the first park cemetery in Japan as a huge single park for both beautiful scenery and resting by combining Japanese traditions and Western memorial parks, and opened part of it first in April, 1923. As the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred 5 months after, the Tama Cemetery was expanded in order to accommodate a great number of earthquake victims and, at the same time, for Tokyo City’s long harbored policy to remove temple cemeteries outside the city by force.
Different from traditional graveyards that were usually private or community spaces, the municipal Tama Cemetery was used as a more public space. First, it operated a temporary charnel house and provided burial grounds for unclaimed deaths. Second, it buried famous people including Togo Heihachiro (東?平八?), the hero of the Japanese Navy, and therefore was used as a space for public commemoration of them. Tamareien (多磨?園) was occasionally advertised as a space of assimilatory reconciliation or conversion, and some people chose it as a place for taking their lives by themselves.
With the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War in 1937, however, the Tama Cemetery was provided free to the war dead and their families, and even it was used to grow crops. As fallen famous generals were buried in succession just before the defeat, the cemetery was degenerated into a space for commemorating them, encouraging a fighting spirit, and renewing the pledge of loyalty and patriotism. In addition, Inoshita, who had been trying to implement the idea of park cemeteries, participated in the process of degeneration actively as the head of the Park Section of Tokyo City, and this represents the irony of modern Japanese history symbolically.
목차
Ⅰ. 다마영원의 사자(死者)들
Ⅱ. 장례문화의 변화와 도시화에 따른 묘지문제
Ⅲ. 다마묘지의 설립 구상과 실제
Ⅳ. 다마묘지의 개원과 묘지이전정책
Ⅴ. 다마묘지의 공공적 사용과 대중적 인기
Ⅵ. 총력전시기 다마묘지의 용도 변질
Ⅶ. 다마묘지, 일본 근대사의 축소판
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