The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Eugene O’Neill’s Desire under the Elms and the analytic psychology. In Desire under the Elms, O’Neill describes various Jungian unconscious archetypes with the mother archetype, shadow, anima, animus and persona as well. He also employs these archetypes for his own self-actualization as well as for his psychoanalysis of his own family members. Although all the characters seem to fail superficially, they achieve their own individuation from the viewpoint of analytical psychology. Through this play, O’Neill searches for man’s inner world by archetypal images buried in the vast landscape of unconscious thought of human beings. He portrays the way that most of the characters perpetrate a crime consciously or unconsciously and consequently feel regret, seeking each other’s pardon after realizing their guilt. From the Jungian point of view, this play shows us Eugene O’Neill’s conviction that human beings are able to gain self-actualization when they are aware of their unconscious self, such as shadow, anima or animus.