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This paper investigates the acoustic characteristics of English fricatives in the TIMIT corpus, with a special focus on the role of gender in rendering fricatives in American English. The TIMIT database includes 630 talkers and 2342 different sentences, comprising over five hours of speech. Acoustic analyses are conducted in the domain of spectral and temporal properties by treating gender as an independent factor. The results of acoustic analyses revealed that the most acoustic properties of voiceless sibilants turned out to be different between male and female speakers, but those of voiceless non-sibilants did not show differences. A classification experiment using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that 85.73% of voiceless fricatives are correctly classified. The sibilants are 88.61% correctly classified, whereas the non-sibilants are only 57.91% correctly classified. The majority of the errors are from the misclassification of /θ/ as [f]. The average accuracy of gender classification is 77.67%. Most of the inaccuracy results are from the classification of female speakers in non-sibilants. The results are accounted for by resorting to biological differences as well as macro-social factors. The paper contributes to the understanding of the role of gender in a large-scale speech corpus.
목차
ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusion
References
참고문헌 (30)
참고문헌 신청
1. [학술대회논문] - Alam, F. / 2011 / Identity and ethnicity in /t/ in Glasgow-Pakistani high-school girls / ICPhS XVII : 216 ~ 219
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Baum, S. R. / 1987 / Preliminary observations on the use of duration as a cue to syllable-initial fricative consonant voicing in English / Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82 : 1073 ~ 1077
3. [단행본] - Bauer, D. / 2002 / Lecture Notes in Computer Science / Springer : 271 ~ 306
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Behrens, S. J. / 1988 / Acoustic characteristics of English voiceless fricatives : A descriptive analysis / Journal of Phonetics 16 : 295 ~ 298
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Behrens, S. J. / 1988 / On the role of the amplitude of the fricative noise in the perception of place of articulation in voiceless fricative consonants / Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84 : 861 ~ 867
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Baum, S. R. / 1987 / Preliminary observations on the use of duration as a cue to syllable-initial fricative consonant voicing in English / Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82 : 1073 ~ 1077
3. [단행본] - Bauer, D. / 2002 / Lecture Notes in Computer Science / Springer : 271 ~ 306
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Behrens, S. J. / 1988 / Acoustic characteristics of English voiceless fricatives : A descriptive analysis / Journal of Phonetics 16 : 295 ~ 298
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Behrens, S. J. / 1988 / On the role of the amplitude of the fricative noise in the perception of place of articulation in voiceless fricative consonants / Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84 : 861 ~ 867
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2016-700-001375011