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Characteristics of Chopsticks in Korean Culinary Culture
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한식 젓가락의 문화적 특성에 관한 연구

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
The Korean Society Of Design Culture JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY DESIGN CULTURE Vol.20 No.4 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2014.12
Pages
481 - 491 (11page)

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Characteristics of Chopsticks in Korean Culinary Culture
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A growing interest of today’s Korean culinary culture is spreading around the world in conjunction with Hallyu, the Korean Wave. Even though the culture of Korean food has historically gone through transformations according to different natural and sociocultural environments, its original form and traditional attributes are still remaining. The 21st Century is a multicultural era where different culinary cultures integrate and make fusion cuisine and manner. Korea’s culinary culture did not merely undergo transformations of food itself, but has brought changes in cutlery, dishes, and dining tables. Especially Northeast Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan where rice is produced and consumed as people’s main food source, chopsticks placed on the table are not simply eating utensils but a symbol that reflects the natural environment and sociocultural characteristics. Chopsticks have long been recognized as Asia’s typical dinnerware as opposed to the West’s forks and knives; however, because of this symbolism, Korea’s cultural background of using chopsticks is often considered the same as that of China or Japan. However, cutlery culture in Korea from the Three Kingdoms period has been established a unique cultural identity on the basis of shapes and materials different from China and Japan. Therefore, a timely study on Korea’s chopstick culture based on aesthetical analysis and comparison with China and Japan is required in order to expand Korea’s culinary culture and solidify its cultural identity. This thesis is focused on Korea’s cultural environment, history and types of chopsticks, and specificity and generality of chopsticks by researching historical documents. The study on similarities and differences between the three nations’ chopstick use has brought three findings. First, Korea has its own unique food culture under the environmental and sociocultural influence, but also shares the same cultural zone with China and Japan where rice is a staple food and chopsticks are primary eating utensils. Second, a distinctive feature of Korean chopsticks was found in their forms and materials. Chopsticks used in Korea have intermediate shape between China and Japan, and are often made out of metal compared to the other two countries where wood is the main material. Third, a reinterpretation of the characteristics of Korean chopstick culture is necessary to make the utensils evolve into a general cultural medium which incorporates the traditional function and also fits the modern food culture by having a variety of shapes, materials, and designs in today’s multicultural age. This study of Korean chopstick culture from the modern viewpoint will be a stepping stone for promoting Korea’s distinctive image among the Asian cultural area and spreading the nation’s food culture and its identity to the world.

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