본 연구의 목적은 고등학생의 학습된 무기력에 관련되는 학습사 및 사회적·동기적 변인의 구조적 관계 양상이 남고생과 여고생 간에 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 규명하는 데 있다. 강원도의 12개 고등학교 2학년 학생 854명(남 518명, 여 336명)에게 인간관계, 학습사, 자기조절동기, 학업적 자기효능감, 실패귀인, 학습된 무기력 검사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 LISREL 8.54에 의한 경로분석이 이루어졌고, 분석결과 다음과 같은 사실이 밝혀졌다. 첫째, 남고생은 학습사 및 사회적·동기적 변인들이 10개의 경로를 통해 학습된 무기력에 직·간접적으로 영향을 주고, 이들 관련변인들의 학습된 무기력 전체 변량에 대한 설명력은 약 16%로 나타났다. 반면 여고생은 학습사 및 사회적·동기적 변인들이 10개의 경로를 통해 학습된 무기력에 직·간접적으로 영향을 주고, 이들 관련변인들의 학습된 무기력 전체 변량에 대한 설명력은 약 13%로 나타났다. 둘째, 남고생과 여고생 모두 부모관계가 학습된 무기력에 직접적인 효과와 학업적 자기효능감과 자기조절동기를 통해 간접적인 효과를 주었고, 교사관계 및 학습사가 학업적 자기효능감을 통해 학습된 무기력에 간접적인 효과를 주었다는 점에서 공통적이다. 그러나 남고생의 사회적 변인(부모, 교사, 친구관계)과 학습사가 학업적 자기효능감 그리고 학업적 자기효능감→자기조절동기를 통해 학습된 무기력에 간접적인 영향을 주는 반면, 여고생의 사회적 변인(부모, 교사관계)과 학습사가 학업적 자기효능감→자기조절동기를 통해 학습된 무기력에 부적으로 간접적인 효과를 준다는 점에서 성별 간에 차이가 있었다. 또한 여고생의 실패귀인은 사회적 변인과 학습된 무기력의 관계에서 유의한 매개효과가 있었지만, 남고생의 실패귀인은 어떠한 효과도 없었다.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between history of academic achievement, social-motivational variables, and learned helplessness in boy and girl high school students. The subjects of the study were 854 2nd grade high school students, including 518 boys and 336 girls sampled from 12 high schools in Kangwon province, Korea. The survey instruments used for the study were Interpersonal Relationship Scale, Academic Achievement History Scale, Failure Attribution Scale, Self-Determined Motivation Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and Learned Helplessness Scale. The statistical method employed for data analysis was path analysis by LISREL 8.54. The results of the study were as follows: First, in the case of boy high school students, the history of academic achievement and social-motivational variables had significant influences on their learned helplessness via 10 pathways, and their predictive power for the total variance of leaned helplessness was 16%. On the other hand, for the girl high school students, the history of academic achievement and social-motivational variables had significant influences on their learned helplessness via 10 pathways, and their predictive power for the total variance of leaned helplessness was 13%. Second, in both of boy and girl high school students, the quality of relationship with parents had a direct influence on their learned helplessness and had a indirect effect on their learned helplessness through academic self-efficacy and self-determined motivation. And the quality of relationship with teachers and history of academic achievement had a indirect influence on their learned helplessness via academic self-efficacy. Finally, for the boy high school students, their social variables (relationship to parents, friends, and teachers) and academic achievement history had indirect effects on the learned helplessness via academic self-efficacy and self-determined motivation, whereas for the girl high school students, their social variables(relationship to parents and teachers) and academic achievement history had indirect effects on the learned helplessness through `academic self-efficacy→self-determined motivation` and attributional belief for academic failure. The findings of the study will provide a basic framework for the structural understanding of boy and girl high school students` learned helplessness.