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The Agitation and Refraction of the 'Innovation' : The 'Innovation' and Mass Layoff of the Chosun Ilbo in 1924~25
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'혁신'의 동요와 굴절 : 1924~25년 조선일보의 '혁신'과 사원해직사건

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
The Institute For History Studies YEOKSA YEONGU, The Journal of History No.32 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.6
Pages
179 - 210 (32page)

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The Agitation and Refraction of the 'Innovation' : The 'Innovation' and Mass Layoff of the Chosun Ilbo in 1924~25
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This paper aims to examine the direction and contents of the ‘innovation’ drive experienced by the Chosun Ilbo in 1924, and at clarifying the nature of the Chosun Ilbo"s mass layoff of its employees in 1925. If the overall flow of "innovation" drive and the layoff event cannot be grasped on a single stream, the event is likely to be perceived simply as an irregularity of succumbing to the pressure of the governor general of the colonial Japanese government. There is also a fear that the viewpoint downplaying the incident simply as a struggle for dominance by certain powers or factions that are difficult to judge as uniform and homogeneous group may be highlighted.
From this point of view, this article first identified three groups who led the "innovation" drive of the Chosun Ilbo since September 1924. First of all, there are a group of executives led by Shin Seok Woo, a group of newspaper practitioners led by Lee Sang Hyeop, and finally, reporters and employees of socialist affiliation. This personal composition was itself a step in the "innovation". They became the three axes and redefined the Chosun Ilbo as the "Chosun People"s Press", revamping the aspect of the newspaper from its core. The aim was to achieve "innovation" in terms of qualitative aspects that had a strong public tone, where the socialist faction played an important role. However, the "innovation" of the Chosun Ilbo has inevitably promoted the conditions conducive for potential conflict between groups with different characteristics while inviting the monitoring and pressure of the governor.
In the end, this situation was brought to the jurisdiction due to the editorial dated September 8, 1925. The ensuing forced suspension of the newspaper publication and prosecution of the editorial writer unsettled the very foundation of the ‘innovation’ drive. The simmering struggle boiling under the lid soon exploded in the process of removing employees in October of the same year. During this period, among the groups that led "innovation" drive, the group of newspaper practitioners including Lee Sang Hyeop was dropped and the socialist group was reduced in number significantly. In addition, the identity of the paper as "Chosun People’s Press" was damaged in the aftermath of the mass layoff. The Chosun Ilbo executives and the ‘Hoayopa Communist Group’ maintained their influence on the Chosun Ilbo while eliciting the consensus behind the scene. However, compared with the Chosun Ilbo at the end of 1924, it had to be significantly different in terms of manpower composition and newspaper reputation.
Nevertheless, it cannot be said that a certain group tried to monopolize the Chosun Ilbo initiative or to abandon the value of "innovation" in the process of going through the forced suspension and mass layoff. The Chosun Ilbo"s innovation system in 1924 remained intact though somewhat refracted at the end of 1925 both in terms of qualitative value and manpower constitution after one year of agitation and crisis.

이 글은 1924년 조선일보 ‘혁신’의 방향과 내용을 검토하고, 그 연장선에서 1925년 조선일보 사원해직사건의 성격을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. ‘혁신’의 흐름과 해직사건이 하나의 흐름 위에서 파악되지 못한다면, 해직사건은 총독부 압박에 따른 굴복이라는 돌출적 사건으로 인식될 소지가 높다. 또한 단일하고 균질하다고 판단하기 어려운 특정 세력이나 분파의 주도권 다툼이라는 시각이 부각될 수 있다는 문제도 있다.
이러한 시각에서 이 글은 먼저 1924년 9월 이후 조선일보의 ‘혁신’을 이끌었던 인물들을 세 그룹으로 파악하였다. 먼저 신석우를 중심으로 한 경영진 그룹과 이상협을 중심으로 한 신문 실무 경력자 그룹, 그리고 사회주의 계열의 기자 및 사원들이다. 이 인적 구성은 그 자체로도 ‘혁신’의 한 단계였다. 이들이 세 축이되어 ‘조선 민중 언론’으로 조선일보를 재규정하고 신문의 면모를 일신할 수 있었다. 민중적 논조를 앞세운 질적 측면의 ‘혁신’을 이루려 한 것이었으며 여기에 사회주의 계열의 역할이 중요했다. 그러나 이 조선일보의 ‘혁신’은 상이한 성격을 지닌 그룹들 간의 잠재적 갈등 상태 및 총독부의 감시와 압박이라는 조건을 필연적으로 불러왔다.
결국 이러한 상황은 1925년 9월 8일자 사설로 인해 정간사태에 처해지고 집필자가 치안유지법으로 기소되면서 ‘혁신’체제 자체의 동요로 나타났다. 그리고 이는 그 해 10월의 사원해직사건 과정에서 문제로 폭발되고 말았다. 이 시기 동안 ‘혁신’을 주도한 그룹들 중 이상협을 비롯한 신문 실무자 그룹은 탈락되었고 사회주의 계열은 축소되었다. 또한 사원 대량해고에 따른 여파로 ‘조선 민중의 언론’이라는 정체성에는 흠결이 가고 말았다. 조선일보 경영진과 화요파 공산그룹은 이면의 합의를 도출하면서 조선일보에 각기 영향력을 유지하였다. 그러나 이미 1924년 말의 조선일보와는 인적 구성 면에서도, 신문의 논조 및 평판 면에서도 현저히 달라질 수밖에 없었다.
그럼에도 불구하고 정간과 해직사건을 거치는 과정을 특정 한 그룹이 조선일보사 주도권을 독점하려 하거나, ‘혁신’의 가치를 포기하려 했다고는 볼 수 없다. 1924년 조선일보가 지향한 ‘혁신’체제는 1년여 간의 동요와 위기를 거쳐 인적 구성측면에서도 질적 가치라는 측면에서도 1925년 말 시점에는 굴절된 채로 유지되고 있었다.
#조선일보 필화사건 #'혁신' 조선일보 #치안유지법 #언론통제 #화요파공산그룹 #The Chosun Ilbo's persecution of journalists #Innovation drive of the Chosun Ilbo #Public Order Act #Media Control #Hoayopa Communist Group

Contents

국문초록
머리말
Ⅰ. ‘혁신’의 방향-‘조선민중의 언론’으로의 전환
Ⅱ. ‘혁신’의 동요-내부 불안요소와 정간사태
Ⅲ. ‘혁신’의 굴절-사원해직사건과 그 의미
맺음말
참고문헌
[ABSTRACT]

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