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A Study on the Ten Symbols of Longevity on White Porcelain in the Late Joseon Dynasty
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조선후기 십장생문 백자 연구

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Choi Kyung-hwa (서강대학교)
Journal
Art History Association Of Korea KOREAN JOURNAL OF ART HISTORY (Formerly Art and Archaeology No.295 KCI Excellent Accredited Journal SCOPUS
Published
2017.9
Pages
83 - 110 (28page)

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A Study on the Ten Symbols of Longevity on White Porcelain in the Late Joseon Dynasty
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Abstract· Keywords

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The ten symbols of longevity, which are the most common symbolic images of longevity, were frequently employed as decorative patterns on white porcelains of the Late Joseon Dynasty. This is because Taoism became increasingly popular after the two wars, when the social system of the Joseon completely collapsed and commoners tried to find a way to escape from the difficulties of their lives through this religious belief. The ten symbols of longevity became an especially popular subject matter in artistic productions, of which white porcelains were a kind.
This set of iconic images was not just used in Korea, but also in China and Japan, long before the Joseon Dynasty. It originated in depictions of fairylands in China, where the images were not called “ten symbols of longevity” but named “mountains of immortals,” or “pots of immortals” which referred to one of the three divine mountains Mountain Bangjang. In Japan, images of fairylands in artistic productions were termed “Hōrai,” referring to the dwelling of immortals Mountain Bong-lae, instead of “ten symbols of longevity.” Thus, it is unique that a set of items related to longevity was selected to make ten symbols of longevity in Korea, imparting an important meaning to the number ten.
Textual records of the ten symbols of longevity started as early as the late Goryeo period in Korea. However, the items included in the ten symbols varied, so that around twelve subject matters are identified as components of the ten symbols, that is, sun, cloud, water, rock, pine trees, bamboo, lingzhi mushroom, turtles, cranes, deer, moon, and mountains. In addition, iron was recorded as one of the ten symbols in the late Joseon period, making the subject matters of the ten symbols as many as thirteen. Though an artifact with an image of iron as one of the ten symbols of longevity has not been found, it is still meaningful to know that iron was part of the ten symbols.
When the ten symbols of longevity were applied to white porcelains, not the entire ten images but only part of the them were actually depicted, showing flexibility in the application of the subject matters. Generally speaking, the bigger the object was, the more the number of images depicted on it. Cloud, crane, pine trees, lingzhi mushrooms, and deer are the most frequently used images among the thirteen, which corresponds the frequency of their appearance in textual records as components of the ten symbols of longevity. Some of the ten symbols were often employed as a set on white porcelains. The decorative techniques utilized for applying the ten symbols display considerable diversity, as a large number of objects were produced with these images. The relation between folk paintings and depictions of the ten symbols on white porcelain is notable, especially in their subject matters, spatial expressions, and the replacement of the subject cranes with magpies.
#조선후기 백자(White Porcelain of Late Joseon Dynasty) #십장생(The Ten Tradition Symbols of Longevity) #동아시아(The East Asia) #도상의 공유(Sharing of The Icon) #仙境(a fairyland) #蓬萊(Bong Lae)

Contents

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 문헌기록을 통해 본 십장생 소재
Ⅲ. 십장생 도상의 연원과 동아시아 공유
Ⅳ. 십장생문 백자의 제작 특징
Ⅴ. 문양과 민화와의 관계
Ⅵ. 맺음말
참고문헌
국문초록
Abstract

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