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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2018.2
- 수록면
- 16 - 37 (22page)
- DOI
- 10.5572/KOSAE.2018.34.1.016
이용수
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
In this study, difference in chemical composition of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> observed between the year 2013 and 2015 at six air quality intensive monitoring stations (Bangryenogdo (BR), Seoul (SL), Daejeon (DJ), Gwangju (GJ), Ulsan (US), and Jeju (JJ)) was investigated and the possible factors causing their difference were also discussed. PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble ionic species concentrations were observed on a hourly basis in the six stations. The difference in chemical composition by regions was examined based on emissions of gaseous criteria pollutants (CO, SO₂, and NO₂), meteorological parameters (wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity), and origins and transport pathways of air masses.
For the years 2013 and 2014, annual average PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> was in the order of SL (≅ DJ)>GJ>BR>US>JJ, but the highest concentration in 2015 was found at DJ, following by GJ (≅SL)>BR>US>JJ. Similar patterns were found in SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, and NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>. Lower PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> at SL than at DJ and GJ was resulted from low concentrations of secondary ionic species. Annual average concentrations of OC and EC by regions had no big difference among the years, but their patterns were distinct from the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, and NH₄<SUP>+</SUP> concentrations by regions.
4-day air mass backward trajectory calculations indicated that in the event of daily average PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> exceeding the monthly average values, >70% of the air masses reaching the all stations were coming from northeastern Chinese polluted regions, indicating the long-range transportation (LTP) was an important contributor to PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> and its chemical composition at the stations. Lower concentrations of secondary ionic species and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> at SL in 2015 than those at DJ and GJ sites were due to the decrease in impact by LTP from polluted Chinese regions, rather than the difference in local emissions of criteria gas pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, and NH₃) among the SL, DJ, and GJ sites. The difference in annual average SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> by regions was resulted from combination of the difference in local SO₂ emissions and chemical conversion of SO₂ to SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, and LTP from China. However, the SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> at the sites were more influenced by LTP than the formation by chemical transformation of locally emitted SO₂. The NO₃<SUP>-</SUP> increase was closely associated with the increase in local emissions of nitrogen oxides at four urban sites except for the BR and JJ, as well as the LTP with a small contribution. Among the meterological parameters (wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity), the ambient temperature was most important factor to control the variation of PM<SUP>2.5</SUP> and its major chemical components concentrations. In other words, as the average temperature increases, the PM2.5, OC, EC, and NO₃<SUP>-</SUP> concentrations showed a decreasing tendency, especially with a prominent feature in NO3-.
For the years 2013 and 2014, annual average PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> was in the order of SL (≅ DJ)>GJ>BR>US>JJ, but the highest concentration in 2015 was found at DJ, following by GJ (≅SL)>BR>US>JJ. Similar patterns were found in SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, and NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>. Lower PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> at SL than at DJ and GJ was resulted from low concentrations of secondary ionic species. Annual average concentrations of OC and EC by regions had no big difference among the years, but their patterns were distinct from the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, and NH₄<SUP>+</SUP> concentrations by regions.
4-day air mass backward trajectory calculations indicated that in the event of daily average PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> exceeding the monthly average values, >70% of the air masses reaching the all stations were coming from northeastern Chinese polluted regions, indicating the long-range transportation (LTP) was an important contributor to PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> and its chemical composition at the stations. Lower concentrations of secondary ionic species and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> at SL in 2015 than those at DJ and GJ sites were due to the decrease in impact by LTP from polluted Chinese regions, rather than the difference in local emissions of criteria gas pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, and NH₃) among the SL, DJ, and GJ sites. The difference in annual average SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> by regions was resulted from combination of the difference in local SO₂ emissions and chemical conversion of SO₂ to SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, and LTP from China. However, the SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> at the sites were more influenced by LTP than the formation by chemical transformation of locally emitted SO₂. The NO₃<SUP>-</SUP> increase was closely associated with the increase in local emissions of nitrogen oxides at four urban sites except for the BR and JJ, as well as the LTP with a small contribution. Among the meterological parameters (wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity), the ambient temperature was most important factor to control the variation of PM<SUP>2.5</SUP> and its major chemical components concentrations. In other words, as the average temperature increases, the PM2.5, OC, EC, and NO₃<SUP>-</SUP> concentrations showed a decreasing tendency, especially with a prominent feature in NO3-.
목차
Abstract
1. 서론
2. 방법
3. 결과 및 고찰
4. 요약 및 결론
References
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2018-539-001825304