The structure of Korean traditional culture is composed of philosophical principles of yin and yang and samjae theories. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the structure correctly without understanding of lines. To apprehend ideas and philosophical reasons of Pungmul dances, the hidden structure and characteristics of thought in the Pungmul dances should be analyzed by disclosing through what process cultural principles were founded. With this view, the instrument system and yin-yang principles in Pungmul exorcism were assorted as instrument system and the structure of the Five Elements based on yin-yang structure and yin-yang ideas based on instrument structure, and Yin-yang ideas and others in Pungmul dances were broken down into classes. The result is as follows. First, yin-yang principles based on instrument system and instrument system that comprises Pungmul dances are composed of metalstructure as yang and leather structure as yin. Through oppositive distinction and synthesization of instruments,characteristics of instruments were brought into harmony, and this made an synergy effect. Second, at the instrument system examined with understanding of the structure of the Five Elements, soe represents fire(火), jing for trees(木), sogo for soil(土), janggu for metal(􆦨), and buk for water(水). Third, according to yin and yang of the instrument structure, Pungmul dances with yang(陽) structure such as soe dance and jing dance have ring structure. Pungmul dances with features of yin(陰)such as jangu dance and buk dance have string structure. Sogo dance does not fall into both structures of yang(陽) and yin(陰). It is closely related to human body and hangs between structures of musical instrument and dance, freely crossing the line between dance and music and having neutralization effect and both features of yin and yang. As a result, it has emerged as the center of the Five Elements. Fourth,yin-yang structure based on classification of Pungmul dances showed several Abstract principles; a principle of repeated circulation of yin and yang(回陰回陽) based on the classifications, a principle of a dance whose movement circulates between the left and the right and hence makes a cycle(陰陽同體), a principle of two structures separated from one(陰陽二體), a principle of three divided structures from yin and yang(陰陽三才) and others. In conclusion, the aesthetic features of yin-yang idea in Pungmul dances that expands from yin-yang theory to three divided structures and return in the harmony of the Five Elements makes peculiar Korean beauty.