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To investigate the effect of carnosine on exhaustive exercise, swimming tests were carried out with loads corresponding to 5% of body weights attached to the tails of mice weekly, and the swimming time to exhaustion were measured. Eighty male ICR mice were divided into four groups, to which carnosine was administered at doses of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 4 weeks. At the end of swimming exercise challenges, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress enzymes activity, and antioxidant enzymes activity in tissues were determined. Treatment of the 250 mg/kg carnosine significantly increased the swimming times to exhaustion compare to the control group in the first (P<0.01) and third week (P<0.05). The serum lactate levels after the swimming exercise were significantly lower in the carnosine-treated groups (10 and 250 mg/kg) than in the control (P<0.01). The malondialdehyde levels in the liver (10 and 50 mg/kg carnosine treated groups) and skeletal muscle (250 mg/kg carnosine treated group) were significantly lower than in the control (P<0.05). The protein carbonyl levels in the skeletal muscle were significantly lower in the 50 and 250 mg/kg carnosine treated groups than in the control (P<0.01). The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the skeletal muscle were not significantly different among the groups. These results indicate that carnosine may improve swimming exercise capacity by attenuating production of lactate and reducing the oxidative stress in mice.

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