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This article deals with the expansion of who, which is replacing its original objective whom in not a few constructions. The result is the mismatch between the morphological case form and the grammatical function. The original objective whom is now on the moribund. It is argued here that the objective who constructions, where whom is expected according to the grammatical function, are produced by two ‘who’ rules: The Basic ‘who’ Rule and the Extended ‘who’ Rule. These two rules are examples of grammatical virus rules, proposed by Sobin(1994, 1997) and Lasnik & Sobin(2000). A virus rule is a language-particular rule producing the usage(s) not predicted by the UG system. To accommodate the two ‘who’ rules under the notion of grammatical viruses, however, we will revise the notion of grammatical viruses. Our revision is that a grammatical virus rule produces a socially inferior usage and so a virus-infected inferior usage should be cured by the UG system later in an effort for a speaker to get social prestige within a speech community. This revision is opposite to the original notion of grammatical viruses that they produce socially prestigious usages. At the same time, our ‘who’ rules are also the reverse versions of Lasnik & Sobin’s(2000) ‘whom’ rules. Our revision of the rules is necessary to account for the ungrammaticality of such constructions as *To who did you speak? or *the person to who you spoke, which is not explained in terms of Lasnik & Sobin’s(2000) ‘whom’ rules.
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참고문헌 (23)
참고문헌 신청
/ / Oxford English Dictionary = 1992 CD-ROM version / Clarendon
Dekeyser, X. / 1975 / Who in Object Territory and Whom in Subject Territory in: Number and Case Relations in the 19th Century Brtish English: A Comparative Study of Grammar and Usage / D
Emonds, J. / 1986 / Grammatically Deviant Prestige Constructions in: A Festschrift for Sol Saporta / Noit Amrofer
Foster, B. / 1968 / The Changing English Language / Penguin Books
Huddleston, R. / 2002 / The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language / Cambridge University Press
Dekeyser, X. / 1975 / Who in Object Territory and Whom in Subject Territory in: Number and Case Relations in the 19th Century Brtish English: A Comparative Study of Grammar and Usage / D
Emonds, J. / 1986 / Grammatically Deviant Prestige Constructions in: A Festschrift for Sol Saporta / Noit Amrofer
Foster, B. / 1968 / The Changing English Language / Penguin Books
Huddleston, R. / 2002 / The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language / Cambridge University Press
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