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The enzyme complex 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydro-genase/5-4-isomerase (3β-HSD) is involved in the biosynthesis of all classes of active steroids. The expression of 3β-HSD in human uterine endome-trium during the menstrual cycle and decidua was examined in an effort to understand its role during ova implantation. 3β-HSD was weakly expressed in the glandular epithelium of the proliferative phase and moderately expressed in the glandular epithe-lium of secretory phase of the endometrium. In the decidua of the ectopic pregnancy, 3β-HSD was strongly expresed. The human uterine endometri-al 3β-HSD was identified as being the same type as the placental 3β-HSD by RT-PCR and sequence analysis. In addition to the expresion of 3β-HSD, P450scc was expressed in the decidua of the ec-topic pregnancy. These results suggest that pre-gnenolone might be synthesized from cholesterol by P450scc de novo and then, it is converted to progesterone by 3β-HSD in the uterine endo-metrium. The data implies that the endometrial 3β-HSD can use not only the out-coming preg-nenolone from the adrenal gland but also the self- de novo synthesis of progesterone in the endo-metrium might be a crucial factor for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy.

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