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The population diversity and seasonal changes ofbacterial comunities in rice soils were monitored using bothculture-dependent aproaches and molecular methods. Therice field plot consisted of twelve subplots planted with twogeneticaly-modified (GM) rice and two non-GM rice plantsin thre replicates. The DGE analysis revealed that thebacterial comunity structures of the twelve subplot soilswere quite similar to each other in a given month, indicatingthe soil microbial populations between GM rice and non-GMrice during the experiment. However, the DGGE profiles ofJune soil after a sudden flooding were quite diferent fromthose of the other months. The June profiles exhibited afew intense DNA bands, compared with the others, indicatingthat floding of rice field stimulated selective growth ofsome indigenous microorganisms. Phylogenetic analysis of16S rDNA sequences from cultivated isolates showed that,while the isolates obtained from April soil before floodingas Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Terrabacter, and Bacilus/Paenibacillus, those from June soil after flooding mostly belongedto the Arthrobacter species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNAsequences obtained from the soil by cloning showed thatApril, August, and October had more diverse microorganismsthan June. The results of this study indicated that flooding ofrice fields gave a significant impact on the indigenous microbialcomunity structure; however, the initial structure was

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