朝鲜民主主义人民共和国外国人投资法律制度初探

万延娇

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자료유형: 학술저널

저자정보: 万延娇

저널정보: 한중법학회 중국법연구 중국법연구 제38권

발행연도: 2019.1

수록면: 343 - 377 (35page)

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目前，许多国家都在继续开展旨在吸引外国投资的政策做努力，自2018年4月20日，朝鲜在七届三中全会宣布停止核试验，集中一切力量进行经济建设，向全世界释放出了积极的和平信号. 被视为“东亚投资最后处女地”的朝鲜吸引着无数投资人的关注. 受中国改革开放及《中外合资经营法》的成果影响，1984年9月8日，朝鲜颁布了《合营法》. 但由于朝鲜外债问题导致的对外信任度较低，以及朝鲜本国体制僵硬等原因，使合营法未能像中国合资经营法那样得到长足发展. 朝鲜外国人投资的相关法规《外国人投资法》、《合作法》、《外国人企业法》等大多制定于90年代. 在历史性的2000年6.15第一次南北首脑会谈之后，朝韩于2000年12月16日签署了“四大经济合作协议”，为吸引韩国资本从而制定了《金刚山观光地区法》和为韩国企业制定的《开城工业地区法》. 继1998-1999年大批法规整顿后，2000年以后又完成了《合营法实施规定》(2000.3)，《合作法实施规定》(2000.3)等大批法规的整顿. 朝鲜在2011年11月和12月制定、修改了值得关注的多部法规. 其中，修改的外国人投资法规多达13项. 2014年补充修改了《对外经济仲裁法》、《合作法》、《合营法》. 2015年修改了《贸易法》、《外国人投资企业劳动法》、《外国投资企业及外国人税法》以及《外国投资企业会计核准法》. 根据朝鲜30多年以来的相关法律和制度变化来看，外国人投资法也随着国家制度和有关法律法规的不断完善，经过不断探索从无到有. 朝鲜吸引外资的相关法规虽然具备最低限度的制度外壳，但并没有达到预期的外资成果. 其理由是外国人投资相关法制的制约因素，这种局限的根本是朝鲜当局自己对外国投资没有信心. 朝鲜法制的变化过程虽然速度很慢，但是正朝着承认法律的必要性和重要性的方向变化. 虽然在朝鲜社会“法律的支配”还停留在形式上的法治主义阶段，但是随着法律作为正常的社会运营体系与外国人投资法制的发展，朝鲜法治主义的实质意义必将日益凸显. 随着朝方最高层不断释放市场经济合作利好和缓解地区和平的讯息，国际上也不断迎来解除朝鲜制裁的呼声. 朝鲜政府正式启动社会主义市场经济建设的浪潮，针对外国人的投资洽谈和合作项目，将不断促进朝鲜完善外国人投资的相关法律法规和投资环境.

At present, many countries are continuing to make efforts to attract foreign investment. Since April 20, 2018, North Korea announced at the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee that it would stop its nuclear test and concentrate all its efforts on economic construction, thus releasing a positive signal of peace to the whole world. North Korea, regarded as the “last virgin land for investment in East Asia”, has attracted the attention of numerous investors. Influenced by China's reform and opening up and the achievements of the Sino-foreign Joint Venture Law, DPRK promulgated the Joint Venture Law on September 8, 1984. However, due to the low degree of external trust caused by Korea's external debt problem and the rigidity of North Korea's domestic system, the joint venture law has not been able to develop as fast as China's joint venture law. The relevant laws and regulations on foreign investment in North Korea, such as the Foreign Investment Law, the Cooperation Law and the Foreign Enterprise Law, were mostly enacted in the 1990s. After the historic first North-South Summit on June 15, 2000, the DPRK and the ROK signed the “Four Economic Cooperation Agreements” on December 16, 2000. In order to attract Korean capital, they enacted the “Kumgang Mountain Tourism Area Law” and the “Kaesong Industrial Area Law” for Korean enterprises. After a large number of laws and regulations were rectified in 1998-1999, a large number of laws and regulations such as the Implementation Provisions of the Joint Venture Law (2000.3) and the Implementation Provisions of the Cooperation Law (2000.3) were rectified after 2000. In November and December 2011, North Korea enacted and amended many laws and regulations that deserve attention. Among them, up to 13 foreign investment regulations have been amended. In 2014, the Foreign Economic Arbitration Law, the Cooperation Law and the Joint Venture Law were amended. In 2015, the Trade Law, the Labor Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises, the Tax Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreigners and the Accounting Approval Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises were amended. According to the relevant laws and institutional changes in North Korea over the past 30 years, the foreign investment law has also been improved with the continuous improvement of the national system and related laws and regulations, and has been explored from scratch. Although North Korea's relevant laws and regulations on attracting foreign investment have a minimum institutional shell, they have not achieved the expected foreign investment results. The reason is the restrictive factors of the legal system of foreign investment, which is based on the lack of confidence of the North Korean authorities themselves in foreign investment. Although the process of change in North Korea's legal system is slow, it is moving towards recognizing the necessity and importance of law. Although the domination of law in North Korean society is still at the stage of formal legalism, with the development of law as a normal social operation system and foreign investment legal system, the substantive significance of Korean legalism will become increasingly prominent. With the release of the message of market economic cooperation and regional peace at the highest level of the DPRK, the call for lifting sanctions against the DPRK has also been greeted internationally. The DPRK government has officially launched the wave of socialist market economy construction. In view of foreign investment negotiations and cooperation projects, it will continue to promote the DPRK to improve the relevant laws, regulations and investment environment for foreign investment.

#investment #DPRK #foreign investment #legal system of foreign investment #legal analysis of foreign investment

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