Biomonitoring of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of children at playgrounds within Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Verla Andrew Wirnkor; Verla Evelyn Ngozi; Chigbo Medo Ajero; Lele Kelechi Charity; Okechukwu StellaMaris Ngozi; Enyoh Christian Ebere; Amaobi Collins Emeka

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저자정보: Verla Andrew Wirnkor (Imo State University) Verla Evelyn Ngozi (Federal University of Technology) Chigbo Medo Ajero (Imo State University) Lele Kelechi Charity (Imo State University) Okechukwu StellaMaris Ngozi (Imo State College of Nursing and Health Science) Enyoh Christian Ebere (Imo State University) Amaobi Collins Emeka (Imo State University)

저널정보: 환경독성보건학회 Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology Vol.34 No.4

발행연도: 2019.12

수록면: 1 - 11 (11page)

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure is among the leading air pollutants associated with diverse adverse health effects due to their persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic characteristics. Children are most affected by these pollutants, yet studies directly related children to these pollutants are scarce in Nigeria. In this study, blood and urine from 36 children between the ages 4-14 years were collected as per sterile procedures by a licensed phlebotomist from the antecubital fossa into BD vacutainer tubes® while a midstream urine sample into acid-washed 120 mL BD vacutainer urine cups and stored in refrigerator at –4˚C for 6 hours, then each 5 mL was extracted with 10 mL of pentane and analyzed for 15 PAHs using GC-MS. Results revealed that PAHs concentrations (53.48 to 70.8 μg/dL) in blood was lower than in urine (94.98 to 115.04 μg/dL). Mean values had no significant (p>0.5) differences between schools, possibly due to the fact that all schools were experiencing similar anthropogenic disturbances. At 5% level of significance, positive and strong correlationships (r=0.83, r=0.73) were observed for fluorene-fluoranthene (FLa) and benzo (a) anthracene-FLa respectively in blood samples. Two and three rings PAHs had generally low concentrations in both blood and urine. Despite being the most distributed compound, the concentration of dibenzo (a,h) anthracene was highest for urine than in blood. Urine PAHs showed higher concentration of carcinogenic PAHs than blood. Elimination ratios (ER) such as for acenaphthene (0.06) and anthracene (Ant; 0.11) were considered low while values such as for FLa (1.36) and indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene (1.55) were considered high ER. Trends in elimination ratios showed close similarity. In conclusion there was elevated PAHs in blood and urine of children with consequent high carcinogenic and then non-carcinogenic risks. This research is significant in setting the stage for more detailed work at same time alerting policy makers on the need for urgent mitigation steps that will reduce children exposure to this class of dangerous pollutants.

#Biological #carcinogenic risk #environment #health #pollutants #pyrogenic #toxicity

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