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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2019.1
- 수록면
- 358 - 367 (10page)
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초록· 키워드
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Objectives: This study aimed to review model algorithms and input parameters applied to some exposure models and to compare the simulated estimates using an exposure scenario from each model. Methods: A total of five exposure models which can estimate inhalation exposure were selected; the Korea Ministry of Environment(KMOE) exposure model, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Targeted Risk Assessment(ECETOC TRA), SprayExpo, and ConsExpo model. Algorithms and input parameters for exposure estimation were reviewed and the exposure scenario was used for comparing the modeled estimates. Results: Algorithms in each model commonly consist of the function combining physicochemical properties, use characteristics, user exposure factors, and environmental factors. The outputs including air concentration ($mg/m^3$) and inhaled dose(mg/kg/day) are estimated applying input parameters with the common factors to the algorithm. In particular, the input parameters needed to estimate are complicated among the models and models need more individual input parameters in addition to common factors. In case of CEM, it can be obtained more detailed exposure estimates separating user's breathing zone(near-field) and those at influencing zone(far-field) by two-box model. The modeled exposure estimates using the exposure scenario were similar between the models; they were ranged from 0.82 to $1.38mg/m^3$ for concentration and from 0.015 to 0.180 mg/kg/day for inhaled dose, respectively. Conclusions: Modeling technique can be used for a useful tool in the process of exposure assessment if the exposure data are scarce, but it is necessary to consider proper input parameters and exposure scenario which can affect the real exposure conditions.
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참고문헌 (23)
참고문헌 신청
BAuA (German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) / SprayExpo: modelling exposure during spray applications-Predicting levels of inhalation and dermal exposure to aerosols with spray applications
Bekker C / 2014 / Airborne manufactured nano-objects released from commercially available spray products : temporal and spatial influences / J Expo Sci Env Epid 24(1):74~81
Delmaar J / 2013 / First tier modeling of consumer dermal exposure to substances in consumer articles under REACH : A quantitative evaluation of the ECETOC TRA for consumers tool / Regul Toxicol Pharm 65(1):79~86
ECETOC(European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology Chemicals) / 2014 / Targeted risk assessment user guide for the integrated tool TRAM version 3update to version 3.1 :1~34
ECHA(European Chemicals Agency) / 2008 / Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment – Part E: Risk characterization / European Chemicals Agency :1~75
Bekker C / 2014 / Airborne manufactured nano-objects released from commercially available spray products : temporal and spatial influences / J Expo Sci Env Epid 24(1):74~81
Delmaar J / 2013 / First tier modeling of consumer dermal exposure to substances in consumer articles under REACH : A quantitative evaluation of the ECETOC TRA for consumers tool / Regul Toxicol Pharm 65(1):79~86
ECETOC(European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology Chemicals) / 2014 / Targeted risk assessment user guide for the integrated tool TRAM version 3update to version 3.1 :1~34
ECHA(European Chemicals Agency) / 2008 / Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment – Part E: Risk characterization / European Chemicals Agency :1~75
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