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The rheological properties of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomer solutions were found to be significantly affected by solvent polarity, counterion, sulfonation level, and temperature. In the dilute concentration regime, the reduced viscosity (${\eta}_{red}$) of SPS solutions in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is a polar solvent, increased with decreasing concentration, whereas opposite effects were observed in low-polarity solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). H-SPS solutions in THF showed typical shear-thinning behavior over all the measured frequencies, while solutions in DMSO showed shear-thickening behavior at low shear rates, followed by shear-thinning behavior at higher shear rates. These different behaviors might result from differences in polymer-solvent interactions and the chain conformation. SPS solutions in DMSO containing monovalent ions ($Na^+$) exhibited higher dynamic viscosity values than those with divalent ions ($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$) because of the different degrees of chain expansion. In DMSO, the dynamic viscosity increased with temperature, regardless of the sulfonation level and counterion. Both the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the SPS membranes increased with increasing sulfonation level and exhibited an abrupt increase between 10 and 15 mol%, indicative of a percolation threshold.
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참고문헌 (24)
참고문헌 신청
J. Song / 2015 / Ionomer-Liquid Electrolyte Hybrid Ionic Conductor for High Cycling Stability of Lithium Metal Electrodes / Sci. Rep 5:14458
T. Mochizuki / 2014 / Double-Layer Ionomer Membrane for Improving Fuel Cell Performance / ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6:13894~13899
P. Staiti / 2016 / Nafion and Fumapem Polymer Electrolytes for the Development of Advanced Solid-State Supercapacitors / Electrochim. Acta 206:432~439
S. Mulijani / 2014 / Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) / Int. J. Mater. Mech. Manuf. 2:36~40
Y. Chen / 2012 / Conductivity and Methanol Permeability of Sulfonated Polystyrene Membrane with Dispersed Montmorillonite Nanoclay / Polym. Compos 33:2105~2113
T. Mochizuki / 2014 / Double-Layer Ionomer Membrane for Improving Fuel Cell Performance / ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6:13894~13899
P. Staiti / 2016 / Nafion and Fumapem Polymer Electrolytes for the Development of Advanced Solid-State Supercapacitors / Electrochim. Acta 206:432~439
S. Mulijani / 2014 / Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application of Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) / Int. J. Mater. Mech. Manuf. 2:36~40
Y. Chen / 2012 / Conductivity and Methanol Permeability of Sulfonated Polystyrene Membrane with Dispersed Montmorillonite Nanoclay / Polym. Compos 33:2105~2113
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