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Eschatological Study on the Immortality of the Soul and the Intermediate State - Focused on J. Ratzinger's Eschatologie
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영혼불멸과 중간상태에 관한 종말론적 고찰 - 요셉 라칭거의 『종말론』을 중심으로

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Cho Han Kyu (가톨릭대학교)
Journal
한국가톨릭신학학회 가톨릭신학 가톨릭신학 제38호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2021.1
Pages
187 - 226 (40page)

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Eschatological Study on the Immortality of the Soul and the Intermediate State - Focused on J. Ratzinger's Eschatologie
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Christianity speaks of ‘eschatological hope’ in the discussion of human death. Eschatology is the religious and theological argument and conclusion that ponders upon the final event -such as death, resurrection, judgment, and the Parusia of Christ, as well as the world’s end and completion, heaven, purgatory, and hell- that marks the end of an individual’s life or human history. In regard to such a final event, the Catholic church has maintained Christianity’s traditional stance —seated in the teachings of the Bible and Traditio Sacra— about the death and thereafter of man, as well as the completion of the world. However, traditional understandings of eschatological concepts came under heavy criticism after the 20th century from many Protestant theologians and a few Catholic theologians. Such critics argue that, because the Bible does not contain a direct discussion of immortality, the understanding of immortal life should be devoid of considerations of the soul. Therefore, they contend that discussions should center around the resurrection that which occurs at the moment of death. In his book “Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life”, Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) ponders on the essential eschatological theology and events that are at the center of much debate today. He emphasizes the core of eschatology, and identifies the traditional stance of the Catholic Church that has recently come under scrutiny. Additionally, his theology places above all the Christological understanding of eschatology as the fundamental starting point and ultimate conclusion of reconciling ideas on eschatology. This essay aims to understand the conflicting stances between traditional eschatological understanding and those being raised today, and to search for an alternative. Firstly, the idiosyncrasies of Joseph Ratzinger’s theology and eschatological thought, as well as the crux of traditional eschatology, as they present themselves in his writing “Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life” will be considered. Then the most prominent controversy in modern day eschatology, which is the debate on immortality after death, will be discussed. With this in mind, the stances of many theologians as they pertain to purgatory and the intermediate state will be weighed, to then be compared with and understood through Ratzinger’s eschatology. The goals of this essay are: to contemplate upon the fundamental reasons behind criticisms facing traditional eschatology today for the correct and reasonable understanding of Christian eschatology through the lens of different criticisms and opinions; and to theologically identify what the eschatology that is appropriate and needed by today’s Catholic Church is.

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