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Revisiting the Social Class: Focusing on the Conceptualization and Measurement in Psychology
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사회계층에 대한 재조명: 심리학에서 개념화 및 측정을 중심으로

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Sang-Wu Pyun (카톨릭대학교)
Journal
The Korean Psychological Association 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 제24권 제1호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2018.1
Pages
101 - 130 (30page)

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Revisiting the Social Class: Focusing on the Conceptualization and Measurement in Psychology
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Social class has become a major focus of research in the field of Western psychology due to its critical impact on human life. The Korean scholarship in psychology, however, has paid very little attention to the issue of social class despite the deepening of social stratification in the country; and the concepts and measurement they used were typically borrowed from sociology. In this study, I discussed what social class means and how it should be measured in order to emphasize the importance of the concept and its related issues. To this end, I examined a variety of theoretical backgrounds on the measurement of social class and the concept of socioeconomic status (SES)—a term commonly used as a synonym for social class. This study divided the method of measuring social class into objective social class and subjective social class, and outlined the characteristics of each approach and their main indicators. Finally, I assessed the recent trend in the Korean psychology on social class measurement. Among the 23 studies I have found, 65.2% used the objective social class index; and education was the objective indicator they most frequently employed, followed by income and occupation. Social stratification identity was used in all seven studies that applied subjective social class. And seven different words to describe social class was found. Based on these results, I concluded that there should be a call for more direct research on social class variables. In addition, I suggest that ‘social class’, instead of socioeconomic status, should be used as a preferred term in the future studies and propose a few notes on how to use the objective indicators and subjective social class measurement.

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