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This essay is aimed at briefly reviewing the recently prolificstudies on Lucretius and his reception during the Renaissance,considering his influence especially on Machiavelli. Epicureanatomism was rehabilitated through Lucretius’s poetic language in the15th century. It severely shocked the humanists and intellectuals. Itinsists that everything, even anima or soul, in the universe consistsof ‘seeds’ or atoms, which are indivisibly small, infinitely numerousand ceaselessly in motion in the void. The world is invariable andalways in circulation in the same way, and things are created by theswerves of atoms, which are the only essential source of free will ormind. The gods, if any, are indifferent to mortal things, thus godworship is merely superstition based upon the fear of punishment inthe future life after death, etc. Through transcribing a manuscript ofLucretius’s De rerum natura, commenting on some passages of thework, and hearing his teacher Marcello Adriani’s oration on Niladmirari, Machiavelli might accept a part of Lucretian radicalism asthe existence of ‘seeds’, their swerving motions, and particularly thefree will of living things including the human. But it is still uncertainwhether he refused the Christian God at heart. Anyway, it seemsobvious that Lucretius exerted a strong influence on Machiavelli’spolitical and ethical thoughts.
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