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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the development and use of the English suffix -less. Particular attention is paid to stems that this suffix is attached to: stems are mostly nouns or verbs, and more importantly they have the English origin (at least Germanic). In addition, it is notable that the English suffix -less is extended to and used in a genetically unrelated language, Korean. One might claim that this is an instance of affix borrowing, but this paper argues against it for the following reasons. First, affix borrowing is rare and infrequent crosslinguistically (e.g., Field 2002, Matras 2007, Gardani 2018). Second, there is no independent evidence for the assumption that innovative Korean words coined by using the English suffix -less undergo Korean phonological processes, and it seems that the use of this English suffix has not been grammaticalized in Korean. It is rather the onset of a long-term linguistic competition with the pre-existing Korean forms by introducing a new form (i.e., the English suffix -less).
목차
1. Introduction
2. Development and usage of the English suffix -less
3. Stems to which -less is attached in English
4. Crosslinguistic extension to Korean
5. Conclusion
References
Abstract
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