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This paper is to examine the natural geography and human geography of 19th-century France as shown in Western geography books, Chinese historical books, 19th-century official documents, and Qing Dynasty geography books. Furthermore, based on this, we tried to examine the perception and meaning of France by Chinese in the 19th century. China first encountered France during the Yuan Dynasty and began when French missionaries came to China during the Qing Dynasty. In particular, the meeting between Emperor Kangxi and missionary Ferdinand Verbiest in the early Qing Dynasty became an opportunity for the two countries to meet in earnest. Through Western science, Emperor Kangxi solved the practical problems of providing an accurate lunar calendar for Chinese farming and suppressing the WuSangui's Rebellion, while Pervist used Western science to spread Catholicism. Additionally, Pervist requested the dispatch of a missionary with astronomy knowledge to France, where astronomy was developed at the time, the two countries became friendly enough to exchange cultures. Then, China, which was invaded by European powers in the 19th century, found France, a European power similar to itself, in the process of examining various European countries, and treated it favorably. The reasons are as follows. First, France, like China, is a multi-ethnic country with a long tradition. Second, France, like China, is an agricultural country that values farming. Third, France, like China, is not a barbaric country that eats children, but a country that knows manners. So it was able to play the role of a leader in Europe for a long time. However this perception of France in 19th century China came from the process of finding a national model necessary for China's reconstruction, and it was before the Second Opium War. In particular, France would have been a more attractive country to the Chinese at the time because it was a strong enemy of Britain, which had humiliated China. Therefore, in the 19th century, China called France ‘Fuyi(佛夷)’ just as it called Britain ‘Yingyi(英夷)’, but China's attitude towards France was not as hostile as that of Britain.
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