This study was conducted to establish efficient extraction method of polysaccharides from Styela plicata and Ascidian tunic and investigate the various physiological properties and functionalities. Among the extraction methods, hot water extract (HE), autoclave extract (AE), and enzyme extract (EE) Styela plicata had a higher yield of polysaccharides as 11.9%, while hot water extraction ascidian tunic a lower as 7.3%. The uronic acid, hexosamine and sulfate-GAGs content of EE was highest of 10.86 g/100g, 33.10 g/100g, 39.72 g/100g investigated, respectively. Composition of amino acids was mainly Leucine, Valine, serine and threonine . fellow by mineral content was Ca>P>K>Mg of Styela plicata and Ascidian tunic. The spectrum of FT-IR showed wavenumber at 3,300∼3,400 cm-1, 2,900 cm-1, 1,650 cm-1 and 820∼850 cm-1 representing the polysaccharide. The decomposition temperature was in the range of 300℃ and showed relatively good enough for their thernal stabilities.
Electron donating abilities, reducing power and tyrosinase activity increased with an increase in extract concentration. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), FRAP activity and ferrous ion chelating effect of Ascidian tunic EE were 364.02 μmole TE/g, 506.09 μM, 32.33%, respectively. Sulfate-polysaccharide was purified from polysaccharide extracted from Styela plicata and Ascidian on DEAE-Sepharose column and screened its functional properties using cell lines. The functionalities of polysaccharide and sulfate-polysaccharide were investigated with RAW264.7 cell lines. The crude polysaccharide and sulfate-polysaccharide purified DEAE-Sepharose Chromatography did not show the toxicity on RAW264.7 cell line in 5∼100 μg/mL, wherease they increased the cell growth rate. The crude polysaccharide and purified sulfate-polysaccharide also increased the production of NO. Particularly, the purified sulfate-polysaccharide inhibited the proliferation human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, SNU719). The inhibitory effect of MMP-1 in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblast was also performed and dependently inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cell.