<ABSTRACT>

The Kinetic Analysis of The Approach and Take-off Motion between Performance in Female High Jump

by Young Suk Kim
Department of Physical Education
Graduate School of Kyung Hee University
Advised by Prof. Jae Kyun Ryu, Ph. D.


The purpose of this research study was to find kinetic variable’s; has a decisive effect on high performance; relationships between personal records and lowest records in national female high jump. And it aims to provide a set of quantitative data to illustrate how to improve one’s skill and performance of high jump.
Firstly, to monitor the players, we used 5 individual cameras. After the analysis on the results through a program called Kwon3D ver. 3.1, we conducted 3-Dimension analysis on speed, distance, angles, impulse, and jerk. Paired t-test was applied for the difference of variables between personal records and lower records. The significance level was accepted at p<.05. And correlation with performances and variables (p<. 05). At last, we concluded with the followings:

1. Strides were shown the same pattern in approach phase regardless of performances. The last stride has to carry out short and fast, but not fast enough.
There was a high correlation between horizontal velocity in approach and the highest cental of mass height. And high highest height is the meaning of good performance. In this study time goes by velocity was decreased, but between performances there was little increase of the horizontal velocity.

2. Vertical velocity in touch down was correlated with cental of mass height (CMH) in flight Peak Position(PP). And personal records were higher than lowest records. Therefore, high vertical velocity in approach and touch down phase is an important factor to increase the performance.
CMH in PP was 5 cm higher than lowest records. CMH in PP was correlated with vertical velocity and performances (just personal records).
Toe and bar length was increased in personal records. The flight distance is further away in order to secure the space between the body as the higher height of the bar. This is because, athletes need to change the foot position in touch down.
Knee and hip angle were no relationships with performances. Most of the athletes have shown that take off leg straightly.
Backward lean angle increased in personal records, but athletes should have to increase backward lean angle more for the improving performance.
Most of foot plant angle was shown parallel bar. Twisting the foot in touch down has a high risk of injury. So athletes should be careful not to twist their feet.
Approach and take off angle were no relation to performances. And there were small derivation.
The horizontal impulse force has shown higher value in lower records. And the vertical impulse was no difference in performances. And also standardized impulse value was no difference in performances. Athletes have to increase impulse force and get vertical force more.
The jerk in TD has shown higher value in personal records. But the jerk from 1TO to TD have shown higher value in lowest records. That is, horizontal velocity was controlled well by lowest record, so that vertical impulse was also appeared larger.

3. T-test showed a difference between the performances was CMH in PP and jerk at TD.
CMH in PP showed generally a high correlation in horizontal speed. In personal records, positive correlation with approach horizontal velocity, records, horizontal velocity at TD and normalized horizontal impulse. And also jerk 1TO and jerk from 1TO to TD were negative correlation with CMH in PP. In lowest records, positive correlation with a horizontal velocity in approach and take off angle.
Jerk at TD was a negative correlation with knee angle and positive correlation with hip angle and horizontal impulse in personal records. In lowest records, jerk at TD was a negative correlation with 3rd stride length.
In personal records, the variables that positive correlation with performances was CMH in PP and vertical velocity at 1TO. In lowest records, the variables that positive correlation with performances was vertical velocity at 3TO and negative correlation with backward lean angle.
Based on this, a good player; high performance; has a high horizontal velocity without decreasing its velocity, and increased the jerk and impulse value to get the vertical force.
However, the target athletes have higher velocity in personal records. But they did not get enough vertical impulse force in personal records. This is because, they did not operate the take off motion well. So, the target athletes are ineptitude at take-off phase. Therefore, target athletes technical training are required to allow for an accurate and rapid take-off operation at high speed.


Key words
high jump, take-off, kinetic, impulse, jerk