국문초록

재가노인의 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인


본 연구는 재가노인의 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 대상자는 전라북도 J시의 노인정, 노인복지관, 보건소를 이용하는 65세 이상의 노인 133명이었으며, 자료 수집은 2014년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 총 30일 소요되었다. 연구도구는 원영순(2003)이 개발한 식습관 도구, 이금숙(2004)이 번안한 간이영양상태조사지(Mini-Nutritional Assessment, MNA), 고홍섭, 이정윤, 이영옥(2005)이 개발한 구강건조증 평가도구, Slade와 Spencer(1994)가 개발한 구강건강영향지수(Oral Heal Impact Profile, OHIP-49)를 이명선, 김설희, 양정승, 오정숙, 김동기(2005)가 번안 단축시킨 국문판 구강건강영향지수(OHIP-14)를 이용하여 구강건강관련 삶의 질을 측정하였다.
수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성과 건강관련 특성, 식습관, 영양상태, 구강건조증, 구강건강관련 삶의 질은 실수와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차 구하였고, 구강건강관련 삶의 질 차이는 t-test, ANOVA로 분석하였으며, 사후검정은 Scheffe test로 분석하였다. 식습관, 영양상태, 구강건조증 및 구강건강관련 삶의 질 간의 상 관 관계는 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient를 이용하였고, 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인은 Multiple Regression analysis를 실시하였다.

본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.

1. 대상자의 식습관 평균 점수는 35.83±6.35점, 영양상태 평균 점수는 21.75±4.27점으로 세부적으로 살펴본 결과 영양불량군의 평균 점수는 14.0±2.74점, 영양불량 위험군의 평균 점수는 20.30±1.97점, 정상군의 평균 점수는 26.01±1.34점으로 나타났다. 구강건조증 평균 점수는 15.06±15.16점, 구강건강관련 삶의 질 평균 점수는 9.19±11.72점이었다.

2. 대상자의 일반적인 특성과 건강관련 특성에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질은 연령(F=4.274 p=.016), 배우자유무(t=-3.753, p<.001), 동거인유무(t=3.570, p<.001), 수입(F=2.985, p=.034), 흡연(t=2.240, p=.027), 결손치아(t=3.805, p<.001), 의치사용여부(F=20.304, p<.001), 주관적 건강상태(F=10.870, p<.001), 주관적 구강건강상태(F=22.108, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다.

3. 식습관, 영양상태, 구강건조증 및 구강건강관련 삶의 질 간의 상관관계결과, 식습관은 영양상태(r=.288, p<.001)와는 순상관관계를 나타냈으며, 구강건조증(r=-.303, p<.001)과는 역상관관계를 보였다. 영양상태는 구강건조증(r=-.606, p<.001), 구강건강관련 삶의 질((r=.-576, p<.001)과역상관관계를 보였다. 구강건조증은 구강건강관련 삶의 질((r=.524, p<.001)과 순상관관계를 나타냈다.

4. 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 흡연(β=-.135, p=.043), 의치사용여부(β=.309, p<.001), 영양상태(β=-.265, p<.01), 구강건조증(β=.361, p<.001)이 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인으로 나타났으며, 세 변수가 구강건강관련 삶의 질을 48.5%
예측하는 것으로 나타났다.
본 연구결과는 노인의 구강건강증진을 위한 간호중재의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 본 연구결과를 토대로 지역사회 보건의료 인력은 노인의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 향상을 위한 전략으로 정기적인 구강검진과 일상생활에서의 구강건조증 및 구강관리방법 교육을 통한 구강건강 유지, 흡연률 감소, 영양상태 개선을 위한 전략을 수립하여야 할 것이다.

Abstract

Factors Affecting Oral Health Related Quality of Life of the Elderly in Home



Hong, So-hyung
Department of Nursing
The Graduate School
Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, Korea
Directed by Professional Noh, Jun-Hee, Ph.D. ,RN

This is a descriptive survey study to identify factors affecting oral health related quality of life of the elderly in home. Study subjects were 133 elders aged 65 or older using senior citizens’ center, Seniors Welfare Center, public health center in J City, Jeollabukdo and data have been collected for a total of 30 days from September 1 to September 30, 2014. Oral health related quality of life was measured by using Eating Habit Tool developed by Won, Young-sun(2003), Mini-Nutritional Assessment(MNA) adapted by Lee, Geum-suk(2004), Xerostama Assessment Tool developed by Go, Hong-seop, Lee, Jung-yoon, Lee, Young-ok(2005), Korean Oral Heal Impact Profile(OHIP-14) by adapted and shortened by Lee, Myung-sun, Kim, Seol-hui, Yang, Jeong-seung, Oh, Jeong-suk, Kim, Dong-gi(2005) from Oral Heal Impact Profile(OHIP-49) developed by Slade and Spencer(1994) as research tools.
Based on the collected data, real number and percentage, mean and standard deviation were obtained by using SPSS 21.0 program for general characteristics and health-related characteristics, eating habits, nutritional status, xerostama, oral health-related quality of life of the subjects and differences in oral health-related quality of life were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and analyzed by Scheffe test as a post-test. A correlation between eating habits, nutritional status, xerostama and oral health-related quality of life was identified by using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis was carried out for factors affecting oral health-related quality of life.

The results of this study are as follows:

1. The eating habits average score of the subjects is 35.83±6.35 points and nutritional status average score is 21.75±4.27 points and according to the result of examining them in detail, the average score of the malnutrition group was found to be 14.0±2.74 points, that of malnutrition risk group to be 20.30±1.97 points and that of the normal group to be 26.01±1.34 points. The xerostama average score was 15.06±15.16 points and oral health-related quality of life average score was 9.19±11.72 points.

2. Oral health-related quality of life according to general characteristics and health-related characteristics of the subjects showed significant differences depending on age(F=4.274 p=.016), marital status(t=-3.753, p<.001), partner presence(t=3.570, p<.001), income(F=2.985, p=.034), smoking(t=2.240, p=.027), missing teeth(t=3.805, p<.001), whether to use dentures(F=20.304, p<.001), subjective health status(F=10.870, p<.001), subjective oral health status (F=22.108, p<.001).

3. According to the results of a correlation between eating habits, nutritional status, xerostama and oral health-related quality of life, eating habits showed a net correlation with nutritional status(r=.288, p<.001) and showed an inverse correlation with xerostama(r=-.303, p<.001). Nutritional status showed an inverse correlation with xerostama(r=-.606, p<.001), oral health-related quality of life(r=.-576, p<.001). Xerostama showed a net correlation with oral health-related quality of life(r=.524, p<.001).

4. Factors affecting oral health-related quality of life were analyzed and as a result, smoking (β=-.135, p=.043), whether to use dentures(β=.309, p<.001), nutritional status(β=-.265, p<.01) and xerostama(β=.361, p<.001) turned out to be factors affecting oral health-related quality of life and three variables were found to predict oral health-related quality of life by 48.5%.
The results of this study are considered to be used as the basic data of nursing intervention for promoting the oral health of the elderly and based on the results of this study, community health care personnel should establish strategies for maintaining oral health, reducing smoking rate and improving nutritional status through regular dental check-up, xerostama and oral care education in everyday life as strategies for improving oral health-related quality of life of the elderly.