The increased income and social advancement of modern women has brought improvements in cultural life and living conditions and the increased interest and demand for beauty has led to the growth of the beauty industry and development of the products. In particular, under the influence of the Korean Wave, Korean cosmetics has gained a worldwide reputation and exports of Korean cosmetics surpassed the imports for the first time in 2013, thus recording at 1,231,289,000 US Dollars, an increase of 25.9 % compared to 2012.
Although it has been only 10 years to become increased popular interest in the nail art, it has already grown into a popular beauty industry depending on the spread of the nail market. Although the research for healthy nails in connection with nail-related diseases,
growth and lesions and treatment has been going on, domestic researches related to nails mostly focus on the nail damage, design studies and research on the direction of the industry development. The composition analysis of the nail of korean and the research on the growth and structure of nail according to the external effects has been incomplete, and in particular, it will be required that a research on growth, the health of the nails and product development which can maintain a healthy and beautiful nails suitable for Koreans.
Smoking, which is a major cause of heavy metal exposure cause aging and various skin cancers and have relations with diseases such as human respiratory disease, cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases. 450 kinds of carcinogenic substances produced during smoking are inhalated during smoking and introduced into the human body or remain in hand, thus threatening the health of others. While smoking of teenagers continue to damage the tissues of immature cells and organs and deepen the addiction to nicotine, the possibility to smoke upto adulthood reach 16-times higher than non-smoking youth. In this study, to investigate the composition changes in nail miineral caused by smoking, nails were taken from teenagers and conducted an experimental study to analyze the mineral content depending on whether they smoke or not.
This study was conducted for total 60 young peoples which consist of 30 teenage girls in 17-19 year old and 30 teenage boys in 17-19 year old. More than 1g were hygienically collected in the free edges from a finger nail tips of teenagers who participated in the experiment using a stainless-steel nail scissors. The nail collected was used after labelling, cleaning and being kept cooled in dried sealed container. In the course of preprocessing, the samples were ground to powder using grinder and dissolved them in nitric acid and then, operated the microwave for about three hours and finally proceed to purification process for removing suspended solids. To achieve the accuracy of test, we requested The Korea Basic Science Institute (OPTIMA 8300, Perkin Elmer Corporation, USA) specializing in mineral analysis for the nail analysis, and the measurement was used in ppm. For the content of minerals, the ratio of mineral as well as absolute figures were measured to observe the interaction between the minerals. While comparing the measured minerals beteween teenage boys and teenage girls, the change in mineral content were compared if any nutritional disorder occurs among them according to gender. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS / WIN statistics program 18.0 was used and the analysis method is as follows. First, the t-test was used to determine the difference in mineral content contained in the nail according to gender. Second, for the empirical analysis of this study, it was verified in significant level of p<.05, p<.01, p<.001
The summary of the results obtained through this study are as follows. As a results of comparison for the content of the minerals between young men and woman, it showed that Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus and Magnesium are significantly higher in Men than those in women. Also, as a results of comparison for the content of the minor minerals, the content of Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Boron, and Molybdenum significantly higher in the nails. It also showed differences in the content of heavy metals such as Beryllium, aluminum, Uranium and Mercury according to gender. Thus, it showed different characteristics in the mineral content contained in the nail represent by gender, and macrominerals appear higher in teenage boys and Micromineral appear higher in teenage girls.
As a result of comparing a content of macrominerals in the nails of smoking youth, it showed that Calcium, Sodium and Potassium was higher in smoker. In addition, among the micromineral, Copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum content of the smokers showed a significantly higher result than non-smokers. In particular, it showed that lead and uranium that give a fatal effect on the body in small amounts are significantly higher than non-smokers. The content of lead contained in a nail showed more than twice higher than non-smokers. Therefore, it was found that the smoking of teenagers affects the composition changes in minerals of nails and have a close relationship with the accumulation of heavy metals.
As a result of analyzing Macromineral in smoking teenage boys, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus in smokers are significantly higher than non-smokers. As a result of analyzing micromineral, copper and zinc in smokers was significant higher than non-smokers. As a result of analyzing the content of macromineral in young women''s nail, Sodium and Potassium in smokers were significant higher than non-smokers. In addition, the analysis of the micromineral showed that Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Boron and Molybdenum in smokers are significantly higher than non-smokers. In particular, for the case of lead, smokers have the contents four times than non-smokers. In conclusion, the women smokers showed more changes in the mineral composition than men and the accumulation of the heavy metals in the nail of women have relationship with smoking..
The results of this study is considered that it is possible to take advantage of foundation to study the relations in nail health and mineral, external environmental factors for the nail disorder, cracking, chipping and color change whose causes were unclear so far. In particular, even small amount of heavy metals detected in teenagers are fatal toxic substances to human and it is noteworthy that the distribution of lead and uranium from smokers indicated high. It will be required to research and development of products depending on the development of the domestic nail industry in future and based on the results demonstrated through this experiment among the 450 types of carcinogens that is generated in smoking, and it is considered necessary to study on which mechanism affected by them through in vitro studies to analyze the cells in the nails.

Keywords: Nail, Smoking, Mineral