Abstract

The Effect of Food Service Company Enterpreneurship
on Social Capital and Job Performance

-On the Basis of Small Food Service Companies-

Lee, Seunghun
Department of Hotel Culinary & Food service management
The Graduate School of Catholic Kwandong University

The national foodservice industry has achieved sustained growth and development. As the baby-boomer generation nears retirement, the managers’ numbers of running a small business have been increasing. Focusing on restaurants, in 2009, the size of the national foodservice industry has become immense markets including 1,60 million employees in half a million companies and the scales grew to 69,900 trillion won from 10 trillion won in 1986 and 40 trillion won in 2003, respectively.
The studies on entrepreneurship in the past were limited to mega companies or conglomerates which has raised brand awareness and can predict their developments. In other words, there are few studies related to small sized foodservice industry, that is not subject to scrutiny. The reason why there is little research lies in the stereotypes of small sized foodservice industry, that is, which anybody can run and which provides an extremely low entry barrier to business. It is also due to the mind of managers running them. In this competitive society, small sized foodservice industry should have innovative, progressive and future oriented spirits but I, as a research, am not able to find out the survey data of entrepreneurship, its organization factors and the effect of entrepreneurship on social capital and job performance.
Therefore, the purposes of this study are to investigate the factors of organizing managers’ entrepreneurship which is The kernel of running and managing small sized foodservice industry and to analyze the differences according to characteristics of research targets. And also it finds out the effects of managers'' entrepreneurship on job performance as a research verifies the mediator effect of social capital between entrepreneurship and job performance. This survey will rethink the role of managers and provide the strategic implications that are essential in operating effective company to its managers.
The detailed purposes of this study are as follows. Firstly, the literature reviews will be presented on the basis of preceding research data related to small sized foodservice industry, entrepreneurship, social capital and job performance. Secondly, the effects of managers'' entrepreneurship on social capital and job performance will be tested empirically through a causal relationship of hypothesis identified by preceding research data. Finally, this study will suggest how specific groups improve their job performance.
This study will offer operational and academic implications about how the realization of entrepreneurship and social capital supported by big scale capital will be applied to small foodservice industry and about how job performance can be improved.
In order to achieve the aim of this research, the survey was conducted amongst managers running small sized chinese restaurants across the country. I am sure that understanding of systematic relationship between entrepreneurship, social capital and job performance will help this research to be developed.
The survey was conducted for 40 days from August 1st to August 10th, 2015. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to cooks engaging in small sized foodservice industry for this survey. Among them, 280 copies were collected and 252 copies were finally analyzed except 38 copies of questionnaire with insincere responses. The data were analyzed using two kinds of statistics programs, SPSS 21 for Windows and AMOS 20.
Frequency analysis were done for general traits of the samples and factor analysis reliability analysis for measuring variables were done. In addition, convergent validity and discriminant validity were tested by identified factor analysis based on preceding survey. In order to understand the relationship between variables, the correlation were analyzed and the hypothesis was verified using structure equation model analysis.
The study will examine whether the entrepreneurship of managers working in small sized foodservice industry has a positive effect on social capital and job performance and whether social capital has a positive influence on job performance or not. And also it will find out that social capital has a role for mediating between entrepreneurship and job performance. According to tested results analyzed by structure equation, goodness of fit tests was optimized with figures such as χ²=467.116, df=179, p<.001, GFI=.853, AGFI=.811, RMR=.108, NFI=.916, CFI=.946, TLI=.937, respectively. Therefore, causal relation among variables was proved essentially correct.
The following findings summarize the results of the research.
The direct, indirect and total effects were investigated through the relationship between entrepreneurship and job performance among variables of route coefficient by using structure equation analysis to test future effect of social capital.
The effects of social capital with innovation, progressiveness and futurity on job performance. Bootstrapping was used for significance tests of indirect effects and the result indicated that innovation, which is one of the parts of entrepreneurship, had few influence on social capital, but it affected job performance significantly. These results show that they cannot fulfill the requirement that independent variables must have a significant effect on dependent variables. Therefore, social capital has no influence on the relationship between innovative factor and job performance. Meanwhile, Innovation and futurity affected social capital but they have few influences on job performance. These indicate that progressiveness and futurity force the social capital to have a perfect role of mediating variables in the relationship between