Objective
: Due to various reasons modern society people have a lack of sleep and sleep disorders. Sleep deprivation is an extremely common event in today’s society, and it has caused a wide range of problems, including learning cognitive skill deterioration and poor concentration, increased disease such as heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Besides, sleep deprivation cause sexual function decrease, infertility increase, depression and autonomic nervous system disorder. Sleep deprivation-induced stress caused NADPH oxidase. NADPH oxidase produces reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as superoxide. And this oxidative stress induces apoptosis.
Lilii bulbus is known to nourishing Yin and moisturizing the lung, clearing away the heart heat and tranquillizing effect. Nelumbins semen is known to tonifying spleen and stopping diarrhea, tonifying kidney and control nocturnal emission, arresting leucorrhea, nourishing heart and tranquillizing effect.
Metarial and Methods
: In this study, we induced sleep deprivation(SD) in Sprague-Dawley rats in water for 5 days and thereafter administered orally L. bulbus and N. semen for 5 days. L. bulbus and N. semen are known to mental and physical relaxation effects. The changes of body weight, food and water intake were measured in the experimental animals. Brain tissues were observed by histochemical, immunohistochemical and tunel staining.
Results
: Histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3) immunoreactives of the L. bulbus administered group and N. semen administered group were weaker than those of sleep deprivation group. The immunoreactives of Protein kinase C(PKC), Tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), Neuronal nitric oxide synthases(nNOS, NOS1), Phospho-SAPK/JNK(p-JNK) and NOX2 of the L. bulbus administered group and N. semen administered group were weaker than those of sleep deprivation group. In the L. bulbus administered group and N. semen administered group, apoptosis was decreased than that of sleep deprivation group. Proapoptotic p53, Bax, Cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactives of the administered group were weaker than those of sleep deprivation group, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 immunoreactity was stronger in the L. bulbus administered group and N. semen administered group. Antioxidant mechanism such as DJ-1, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), Nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) immunoreactives of the L. bulbus and N. semen administered group were stronger than those of sleep deprivation group.
Conclusions
: These results demonstrate that L. bulbus, N. semen had the neuroprotective effects on the sleep deprivation-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus.