The purpose of this study is to analyze activity elements and contents by subject area, which are suitable to early-childhood education, on the basis of Kalyana mitra from Gandavyuaha Sutra of Avatamsaka Sutra and to examine early-childhood educational application of Gandavyuaha Sutra based on preceded analysis.
This study was held with two focuses as following.
First, what are educational elements of Gandavyuha Sutra?
Second, what are educational contents of Gandavyuha Sutra?
This study selected 36 Kalyana mitra from 53 Kalyama mitra of Gandavyuha Sutra through two negotiations held by 30 professional panels, extracted contents related to early-childhood education from 36 selected Kalyana mitra, and verified compatibility of extracted contents. Curriculum areas of early-childhood education, which were
derived by content analysis of selected 36 Kalyana mitra from Gandavyuha Sutra, were 8 areas as following; language, literature, social studies, mathematics, science, music, fine arts, and health studies.
Data were analyzed by Delphi method and CVR(Content Validity Ratio) analysis was consist through each of averages, standard deviations, CVRs, and agreement ratios. Curriculum areas of early-childhood education and content analysis about estimated CVR of this study were analyzed with a 0.33 standard. Agreement ratio was measured by variance of coefficient and the author assumed that proper consent was made by respondents when the variance was measured below 0.5. Reliability was verified by Cronbach’s α(Alpha) coefficient.
The result of this study is following.
First, as a result of early-childhood education curriculum elements analysis of 36 Kalyana mitra, 27 elements of 8 mentioned areas were extracted.
Looking over each of areas, language area was segmented into 3 elements, which were linguistic attitude, linguistic knowledge, and linguistic function while literature area was divided into 4 elements, which were literary experience, understanding of contents, creativity and imagination, and phonetic, word, sentence. Social studies area was split into self-understanding and respect, social value, attitude, and knowledge, and social skills whereas mathematical area was segmented into numbers and calculations, space and shapes, measurements, regularity, and data organization and analysis. Science area was break into 3 elements, which were inquisitiveness on natural phenomena, life forms, and technology while music and fine arts area were divided into research, expression, and impression.
Health studies area was split into body recognition, participation in physical activity, and healthy and safe living.
Second, early-childhood educational contents analysis result of 8 mentioned areas based on 36 Kalyana mitra can be summarized as following.
As a result of the contents analysis related to linguistic education, ‘linguistic attitude’, ‘linguistic knowledge’, and ‘linguistic function’ were applicable on ‘Boodong woobi’, ‘Soohoilche-jooyashin’, and ‘Choijeokjeong baramoon’, ‘Miga-jangja’ and ‘Seonjijoongye-dongja’, and ‘Jahang-dongnyeo’ and ‘Soohoilche-jooyashin’ respectively.
From the result of the contents analysis related to literature education, ‘literary experience’, ‘understanding of contents’, ‘creativity and imagination’, and ‘phonetic, word, sentence’ were applicable on ‘Miga-jangja’, ‘Gujog-ubai’, ‘Seonjijoongye-dongja’, and ‘Samantabhadra’, ‘Biseuljila-geosa’ and ‘Samantabhadra’, ‘Miga-jangja’, ‘Boodong-woobi’, and ‘Soohoilche-jooyashin’, and ‘Biseuljila-geosa’ , ‘Seonjijoongye-dongja’, and ‘Samantabhadra’ respectively.
With a result of the contents analysis related to social studies education, ‘Haetal-jangja’, ‘Seungyeol-balamun’, and ‘Bodeogjeonggwan-juyasin’ can be applied by ‘self-understanding and respect’ while ‘Haedang-bigu’, ‘Myeongji-geosa’, ‘Gwanjajae Bodhisattva’, ‘Ananyagamin’, and ‘Daecheon-sin’ were derived to be applied by ‘social value, attitude, and knowledge’, and ‘Haetal-jangja’ and ‘Musangseung-jangja’ were able to be applied by ‘social skills’.
As a result of the content analysis related to math education, ‘Jajaeju-dongja’ can be applied by ‘numbers and calculations’ whereas ‘Hyusa-ubai’ was derived to be applied by ‘space and shapes’, ‘Seonju-bigu’ was to be applied by ‘measurements’, ‘Seonju-bigu’ and ‘Jajaeju-dongja’ can be applied by ‘regularity’, and ‘Bisila-seonsa’
were to be applied by ‘data organization and analysis’. From the result of the contents analysis related to science education, ‘inquisitiveness on natural phenomena’, ‘inquisitiveness on life forms’, and ‘inquisitiveness on technology’ were applicable on ‘Haeun-bigu’, ‘Bisila-seonsa’, ‘Anju-sin’, and ‘Basabayeon-juyasin’, ‘Bimoggusa-seonin’ and ‘Sajabinsin-biguni’, and ‘Beobbogye-jangja’ and ‘Byeonhaeng-oedo’ respectively.
With a result of the contents analysis related to music education, ‘research’, ‘expression’, and ‘impression’ were applicable on ‘Seungyeol-balamun’, ‘Jajaeju-dongja’, and ‘Huimoggwanchang-jungsaengsin’, ‘Bisila-seonsa’, ‘Huimoggwanchang-jungsaengsin’, and ‘Jeogjeongeumhae-juyasin’, and ‘Seungyeol-balamun’ and ‘Jeogjeongeumhae-juyasin’ respectively.
As a result of the contents analysis related to fine arts education, ‘Seonjijoongye-dongja’ can be applied by ‘research’, ‘Hyusa-ubai’ was derived to be applied by ‘expression’, and ‘Sajabinsin-biguni’ and ‘Biseuljilageosa’ were to be applied by ‘impression’.
From the result of the contents analysis related to health studies education, ‘Deogun-bigu’ can be applied by ‘body-recognition’, ‘Seungyeol-balamun’ and ‘Seongyeon-bigu’ were to be applied by ‘participation in physical activity’, and ‘Boan-jangja’, ‘Yughyang-jangja’, and ‘Gyeongohaetal-jangja’ were able to be applied by ‘healthy and safe living’.
To sum up, taking every factor that was mentioned so far into consideration, it was confirmed that each area of elements and contents of 36 Kalyana mitra that was analyzed in this study contains early-childhood educational contents. Moreover, each 8 mentioned area, which was extracted from Kalyana mitra, was analyzed to be applicable on education for early-childhood (3-5 years old) and 36 Kalyana mitra of Gandavyuha Sutra that were contained suitable contents for holistic development of early-childhood suggest the necessity of an in-depth study about utilization plan on early-childhood education curriculum.