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논문 기본 정보

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학위논문
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김혜 (서울대학교, 서울대학교 대학원)

발행연도
2019
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이 논문의 연구 히스토리 (4)

2019

『滿文原?』의 차용 표기에 나타난 만주어와 한어의 음운 현상 연구
김혜 언어학과 2019.01 학위논문

2018

만주어 표기에 반영된 만주어와 한어의 구개음화
김혜 언어학 2018.04 학술저널

2017

만주어 표기에 반영된 만주어와 한어의 구개음화
김혜 한국언어학회 학술대회지 2017.12 학술대회자료

2014

청대 만주어 사전의 한자 주음 변화 : 《滿漢同文類集》을 중심으로
김혜 한국언어학회 학술대회지 2014.12 학술대회자료

초록· 키워드

오류제보하기
본고에서는 『만문원당』(滿文原?)과 『만문노당』(滿文老?)에서 나타나는 한어의 차용 표기 체계를 정리하여 그 특징을 분석하고자 한다.
『만문원당』은 무권점 만문으로 1607년부터 1636년의 기사를 기록한 것이며, 이것을 건륭 43년(1778년)부터 유권점 만문으로 중초하여 『만문노 당』이 편집되었다. 『만문원당』과 『만문노당』에 기록된 적지 않은 한어 차 용어의 만주문 표기를 통하여 당시한어의특징을확인할수 있을뿐만 아 니라 만주어의 일부 음운 현상도 확인할 수 있다. 특히 이후에 출판된 『어 제증정청문감』(御製增訂淸文鑑), 『흠정청한대음자식』(欽定淸漢對音字式) 등 규범적인 문헌에 의거하여 차용어 표기법을 따른 『만문노당』에 비해 『만문원당』에서는 만주인들이 한어 발음을 인식하고, 그것을 만문으로 표 기하는 과정에서 당시 만주어의 특징이 많이 반영되어 있다.
본고는 총 6장으로 『만문원당』과 『만문노당』에서 나타나는 한어의 차용 표기 체계를 정리하여 다음과 같이 그 특징을 분석하고자 한다.
제1장에서는 연구 목적을 제시하고 『만문원당』과 『만문노당』에서 사용 된 무권점자와 유권점자 및 본고에서 분석 자료로 사용한 문헌자료, 그리 고 만주어에 존재하는 한자차용어에 대한 선행 연구를 소개한다.
제2장에서는 기존의 연구에 근거하여 청나라 시기의 한어와 만주어의 음운 체계를 제시한다.
제3장에서는 聲母별로 『만문원당』과 『만문노당』을 비교하여 한어 차용 어의 聲母를 표기한 체계를 정리하고 그 특징을 분석한다. 『어제증정청문 감』, 『흠정청한대음자식』 등 규범적인 문헌이 편찬되기 이전의 문헌인 『대 청전서』(大淸全書), 『대요국사』(大遼國史), 『만문삼국지』(滿文三國志), 『물 명류집』(物名類集), 『신각청서전집』(新刻淸書全集), 『청문계몽』(淸文啓蒙) 에서 나타나는 일부 어휘와 비교하여 공통점과 차이점을 분석한다.
이러한 분석 결과 다음과 같은 사실이 새로 밝혀졌다. 『만문원당』에서 는 무권점자 F 혹은 B로 한어의 滂母字([ph])를 표기하고 한어의 精組([ts, tsh]) 등을 주로 S로 표기하며 권설음인 知照系字([t?, t?h])의 발음을 J 혹은 C로 표기한다. 한어의 [?]뿐만 아니라 유권점 만문에서 ?로 표기한 것을 『만문원당』에서는 주로 SI-로 표기한다. 유권점 만문에 있는 특수 문 자 k'', g''를 무권점 만문에서는 여성자 형태의 K로 표기한다.
제4장에서는 韻母별로 『만문원당』 과 『만문노당』을 비교하여 한어 차용 어의 韻母를 표기한 체계를 정리하고 그 특징을 분석한다. 『만문원당』에서 는 한어 차용 표기의 유동 현상을 많이 확인할 수 있었다. 예를 들어, 蕭豪 韻을 ?AO, ?OO와 ?O로 표기한 예를 찾을 수 있고 侵尋韻, 監咸韻과 廉纖 韻의 무권점자 표기에서 비음 韻尾을 여전히 ?M으로 표기한 예를 찾을 수 있다.
제5장에서는 한어 차용어의 표기 유동을 통하여 만주어의 음운 현상을 분석한다. 자음 부분에서는 만주어와 한어의 구개음화 현상, ‘子’의 표기 양상과 한어 비음 韻尾의 표기 양상에 대하여 분석한다.
제6장에서는 본고의 내용을 정리하여 결론으로 삼는다.
#『만문원당』 #『만문노당』 #무권점 만문 #유권점 만문 #한어 차용어 #차용 표기

목차

제1장 서론 ································································································ 1
1.1. 연구 대상 ···················································································· 1
1.2. 연구 목적과 방법 ······································································ 2
1.3. 선행 연구 ···················································································· 3
1.4. 연구 자료 ···················································································· 6
1.4.1. 만문 문헌 자료 ··································································· 6
1.4.2. 한어 운서 자료 ··································································· 10
1.5. 논문의 구성 ················································································ 13
제2장 청대 한어와 만주어의 음운 체계 ············································· 15
2.1. 청대 초기 한어의 음운 체계 ··················································· 16
2.1.1. 聲母 체계 ············································································ 17
2.1.2. 韻母 체계 ············································································ 18
2.2. 청대 초기 만주어의 음운 체계 ············································· 18
2.2.1. 문자 체계 ············································································ 18
2.2.1.1. 유권점 만문 ································································· 18
2.2.1.2. 무권점 만문 ································································· 24
2.2.2. 초기 만주어 음운 체계 ····················································· 31
2.2.2.1. 자음 체계 ····································································· 31
2.2.2.2. 모음 체계 ····································································· 34
제3장 聲母의 표기 체계 ········································································ 37
3.1. 唇音字 ························································································· 37
3.1.1. ?母字 ·················································································· 37
3.1.2. 滂母字 ·················································································· 41
3.1.3. ?母字 ·················································································· 43
3.1.4. 明母字 ·················································································· 46
3.1.5. 非敷奉母字 ·········································································· 47
3.1.6. 微母字 ·················································································· 48
3.2. 舌音字 ························································································· 50
3.2.1. 端母字 ·················································································· 50
3.2.2. 透母字 ·················································································· 52
3.2.3. 定母字 ·················································································· 54
3.2.4. 泥母字 ·················································································· 56
3.2.5. 知母字 ·················································································· 57
3.2.6. 徹母字 ·················································································· 59
3.2.7. 澄母字 ·················································································· 60
3.2.8. 娘母字 ·················································································· 61
3.3. 牙喉音字 ····················································································· 62
3.3.1. 見母字 ·················································································· 62
3.3.2. 溪母字 ·················································································· 66
3.3.3. 群母字 ·················································································· 67
3.3.4. 疑影?母字 ·········································································· 68
3.3.5. 曉母字 ·················································································· 71
3.3.6. 匣母字 ·················································································· 72
3.4. 齒音字 ························································································· 74
3.4.1. 精母字 ·················································································· 74
3.4.2. 淸母字 ·················································································· 76
3.4.3. 從母字 ·················································································· 77
3.4.4. 心母字 ·················································································· 78
3.4.5. 邪母字 ·················································································· 79
3.4.6. 照牀母字 ·············································································· 80
3.4.7. 穿牀母字 ·············································································· 81
3.4.8. 審禪母字 ·············································································· 83
3.5. 舌齒音 ······················································································· 85
3.5.1. 來母字 ·················································································· 85
3.5.2. 日母字 ·················································································· 87
3.6. 소결 ····························································································· 89
제4장 韻母의 표기 체계 ······································································ 92
4.1. 陰聲韻 ······················································································· 92
4.1.1. 支思韻 ················································································ 92
4.1.2. 齊微韻 ················································································ 94
4.1.3. 魚模韻 ················································································ 97
4.1.4. 皆來韻 ················································································ 100
4.1.5. 蕭豪韻 ················································································ 102
4.1.6. 歌戈韻 ················································································ 105
4.1.7. 家麻韻 ················································································ 107
4.1.8. 車遮韻 ················································································ 109
4.1.9. 尤侯韻 ················································································ 110
4.2. 陽聲韻 ······················································································· 111
4.2.1. 東鐘韻 ················································································ 111
4.2.2. 江陽韻 ················································································ 113
4.2.3. ?文韻 ················································································ 116
4.2.4. 寒山韻 ················································································ 118
4.2.5. 桓歡韻 ················································································ 119
4.2.6. 先天韻 ················································································ 120
4.2.7. 庚?韻 ················································································ 122
4.2.8. 侵尋韻 ················································································ 125
4.2.9. 監咸韻 ················································································ 126
4.2.10. 廉纖韻 ·············································································· 127
4.3. 소결 ····························································································· 128
제5장 차용 표기로 본 만주어 음운 현상 ········································· 130
5.1. 구개음화 ···················································································· 130
5.1.1. 만주어 di, ti의 구개음화 ················································ 131
5.1.2. 漢語 見組字와 精組字의 구개음화 ································· 137
5.2. “子”의 실현 양상 ···································································· 148
5.3. 비음 韻尾의 표기 양상 ·························································· 151
제6장 결론 ······························································································ 160
참고문헌 ···································································································· 163
<부록1> ·································································································· 171
Abstract ····································································································· 196

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