청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지의 시ㆍ공간적 위치 연구 :A Study on the Spatial-Temporal Position of Neolithic Residences in Osong, Cheongju

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자료유형: 학위논문

저자정보: 김호원 (원광대학교, 원광대학교 일반대학원)

지도교수: 최완규

발행연도: 2019

저작권: 원광대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.

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2020

중서부지역 신석기시대 주거지 전개과정 연구 -청주 오송유적 주거지를 중심으로

김호원 중앙고고연구 2020.01 학술저널

2019

청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지의 시ㆍ공간적 위치 연구

김호원 고고미술사학과 2019.01 학위논문

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청주 오송유적에서는 6기의 신석기시대 주거지가 조사되었다. 주거지는 평면형태 (장)방형이며, 돌출된 출입시설, 수혈식노지 및 4개의 중심주혈 (주기둥)이 설치된 4주식 주거지이다. 또한 주거지 내부에서 공간을 분할 하여 사용한 흔적도 확인된다.
중서부지역에서는 서로 유사한 특징을 지닌 신석기시대 주거지가 조사 되었는데, 선행연구들은 이들을 전기를 대표하는 중서부지역 해안의 운서 동식 주거 유형과 중기를 대표하는 충청내륙지역의 대천리식 주거 유형으로 구분하여 명명하였다.
운서동식 주거 유형과 대천리식 주거 유형의 유사성을 통해 중서부지역 신석기시대 주거지의 전파과정을 추정하였으나 이를 뒷받침할 자료가 제시되지 않았다.
청주 오송읍에서 신석기시대 주거지가 되었는데, 이른 단계의 운서동식 주거 유형에서 청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지를 거쳐 대천리식 주거 유형 으로 이행되어 가는 과정을 파악할 수 있었다.
본 연구는 전기(운서동식 주거 유형)에서 중기(대천리식 주거 유형)로 이행되는 신석기시대 주거지의 과도기적 양상을 파악하기 위하여 위의 두유형을 비롯하여, 두 유형과 관련성을 보이는 신길동식 주거 유형을 오송 신석기시대 주거지와 비교ㆍ검토를 진행하였다.
검토결과, 주거지의 평면형태는 거의 유사하지만, 주거지의 규모는 커지고, 주거지의 측면과 후면에 위치하던 공간분할양상이 점차 전면으로 이동하는 변화양상을 확인할 수 있었다.
또한 출토유물의 경우, 토기는 구분계토기 단계 중 3부위에 시문이 이루어진 단계(운서동식 주거 유형)에서 2부위에만 시문되는 단계(청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지, 신길동식 주거 유형)를 거쳐 동일계토기(대천리식 주거 유형)로 변화되고, 새로운 능격문토기의 등장을 확인할 수 있었다.
석기는 농경구로 볼 수 있는 굴지구와 석부의 수량이 증가하는 양상이 나타난다. 이러한 물질자료의 변화 양상은 자연과학적 분석을 통해 얻어진 방사성탄소연대를 통해 검증해 볼 수 있었다.
따라서 본고는 주거지의 변화양상과 출토유물상의 변화를 통해 중서부 해안ㆍ도서지역에 주로 거주하던 신석기인(집단)들이 점차 내륙의 구릉으로 이동하는 과정을 확인하였으며, 이러한 인구이동의 요인으로 초기농경의 발생과 기후 변화 등으로 추정하였다.

This paper examines the Neolithic age dwellings at the Osong site, Cheongju. These dwellings are in a four-pillar structure with four main pillars on a square or a rectangle plane. It is found that their interior spaces were divided for different uses including the protruding entrance facilities and bare pit grounds.
The dwelling types with similar features from the Neolithic Age in central western regions were investigated, and they include the "Unseo-dong type dwellings," which represent the early stage(latter part of the former period) in the central western coast, and the "Daecheon-ri type dwellings," which represent the middle period in the inland Chungcheong region.
Previous studies estimated the spreading process of dwellings in the central western regions during the Neolithic Age based on similarities between these two dwellings, but they have not provided evidence on the basis of materials to support them.
After an investigation into the Neolithic dwellings at the Osong site, Cheongju, a process was confirmed from the "Unseo-dong type dwellings" at the early stage through the Osong site, Cheongju to the "Daecheon-ri type dwellings."
This study compares and reviews these two types of dwellings and the "Singil-dong type dwellings" in the central western coast, which seemed to have relations with them, with the Osong site to determine the transitional process of dwelling types during the Neolithic Age from the former period(Unseo-dong type dwellings) to the middle period(Daecheon-ri type dwellings).
The review found that the Neolithic dwellings show similarities in the form overall. There are also changes to them including a bigger dwelling size and the gradual move of the spatial division patterns from the side and back of the dwelling to the front.
As for artifacts excavated in the dwellings, pottery made a shift from the stage of engraving only in Part 3(Unseo-dong type dwellings) under the phase of different pottery works through the stage of engraving only in Part 2(Osong site, Cheongju and Singil-dong type dwellings) to the phase of the same pottery works. There was also the emergence of new Nenggyeok patterns.
As for stoneware, the amounts of digging tool and stone axe, which are considered farming tools, increased. These characteristics of physical materials were tested with the radiocarbon dates of the sites.
The changes to the dwelling types and artifacts excavated in them confirm a gradual migration process of the Neolithic people from islands and coasts in the central western regions to inland hills.
This paper estimates that the migration of the population was
due to the emergence of early agriculture and climate changes.

Ⅰ.머리말 ··························································································· 1
1. 연구 목적과 방법 ·············································································· 1
가. 연구 목적 ························································································ 1
나. 연구 방법 ························································································ 2
2. 연구사 검토 ························································································ 3
Ⅱ. 청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지 양상 ··································· 6
1. 유적의 입지와 주거지 구조 ···························································· 6
가. 유적의 입지 ···················································································· 6
나. 주거지 형태 ·················································································· 10
다. 주거지 내부시설 ·········································································· 15
2. 출토유물 분석 ·················································································· 22
가. 토기 ································································································ 23
나. 석기 ································································································ 28
3. 방사성탄소연대 ················································································ 29
Ⅲ. 중서부지역 신석기시대 주거지 현황과 변화양상 ········ 32
1. 유적의 입지와 주거형태 ································································ 33
가. 운서동식 주거 유형 ···································································· 33
나. 대천리식 주거 유형 ···································································· 37
다. 신길동식 주거 유형 ···································································· 46
2. 토기양상 ···························································································· 52
가. 운서동 유형 ·················································································· 53
나. 신길동 유형 ·················································································· 56
다. 대천리 유형 ·················································································· 61
3. 방사성탄소연대 검토 ····································································· 69
Ⅳ. 청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지의 시·공간적 변화양상······················ 73
1. 중서부지역 신석기시대 주거 유형 비교 검토 ·························· 74
가. 유적의 입지 변화 ········································································ 74
나. 주거지의 구조 변화 ···································································· 76
다. 출토유물의 변화 ·········································································· 83
라. 방사성탄소연대 비교ㆍ검토 ······················································ 91
2. 청주 오송 신석기시대 주거지 전개과정 ···································· 93
Ⅴ. 맺음말 ······················································································· 99

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