본 연구는 학교의 사회적 책임과 조직몰입의 관계에서 학교이미지와 학교신뢰의 매개효과를 알아보는 것으로 학교신뢰의 경우 수직적 신뢰인 교장신뢰와 수평적 신뢰인 동료신뢰를 잠재변수로 설정하였다.
선행연구 분석을 통해 잠재변수인 학교의 사회적 책임, 직무몰입, 학교 이미지, 교장신뢰, 동료신뢰에 대한 관측변수를 찾아 학교 실정에 맞게 수정하였다. 학교의 사회적 책임의 경우 경제적 책임, 법적 책임, 윤리적 책임, 자선적 책임의 4개의 관측변수를 설정하였으며, 학교이미지는 교육기반 우수성, 교육성과, 선배명성, 지역평판의 4개의 관측변수를 설정하였다. 교장신뢰의 관측변수는 믿음, 성실성, 친밀감으로 설정하였으며, 동료신뢰는 믿음, 성실성, 개방성으로 설정하였다. 조직몰입은 정서적 몰입, 지속적 몰입, 규범적 몰입의 3개의 관측변수로 설정하였다.
연구대상은 경상북도 관내 초등학교 교사이며, 유층무선표집(Statified Random Sampling) 방법을 활용하여 5월 10일부터 40명의 교사를 대상으로 사전조사(Pilot test)를 실시한 후 교사의 성별, 직위, 교육경력, 학교규모 등을 고려하여 9월부터 한달간 260부를 배포하였다. 배포한 설문지 중 239부(91.9%)를 회수하였으며, 불성실하거나 무응답지(missing value) 5부를 제외한 234(90.0%)부를 분석하였다. 분석방법으로는 SPSS 18.0을 사용하여 변인들의 기술통계와 상관관계, 신뢰도를 분석하였으며, AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 잠재변수의 요인분석과 구조관계를 분석하였다.
측정도구는 선행연구를 바탕으로 학교조직 및 연구목적에 맞게 재구성한 후 수정·보완하였으며 학교의 사회적 책임 23문항, 학교이미지 6문항, 교장신뢰 7문항, 동료신뢰 8문항, 조직몰입 9문항으로 설정하였다.
측정도구에 대한 신뢰도를 분석한 결과 교장신뢰의 친밀감 문항이 .512로 신뢰도 문제가 있어 삭제하였고, 그 외의 문항은 신뢰도 계수가 .7이상으로 적합하게 나타났다. 측정도구의 타당성을 확인하기 위한 확인적 요인분석 결과 집중타당성은 C.R값과 표준과 계수가 모두 1.965이상과 .5이상이었으며, AVE값과 개념신뢰도는 모두 .5이상과 .7이상으로 집중타당성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 판별타당성도 모두 AVE가 r값보다 커서 판별타당성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.
관찰변수의 기술통계 분석 결과 평균값은 3.12에서 4.32로 나타났으며, 정규분포 조건을 충족시켰다. 각 요인 간의 상관계수는 .368에서 .903 사이에 있으며, 유의수준 .01이하에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다.
학교의 사회적 책임과 학교이미지, 교장신뢰, 조직몰입의 관계에서 적합도의 경우 카이자승값은 125.791, 자유도는 59, p값은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나왔으며, GFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, CFI는 모두 .9이상, RMR은 .027, RMSEA의 값은 .070으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다.
구조 분석 결과 학교의 사회적 책임이 학교이미지에 미치는 영향은 .745, 학교의 사회적 책임이 교장신뢰에 미치는 영향은 .576, 학교의 사회적 책임이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .366, 학교이미지가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .371, 교장신뢰가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .225로 통계적으로 유의하였다. 그러나 학교이미지가 교장신뢰에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.
변수간 직·간접 영향을 분석한 결과 학교의 사회적 책임이 학교이미지에 미치는 효과는 직접효과가 .752(p<.001)이며, 사회적 책임이 교장신뢰에 미치는 직접효과는 .695(p<.001)로 나타났다. 학교이미지가 조직몰입에 미치는 직접효과는 .369(p<.001)이며, 교장신뢰가 조직몰입에 미치는 직접적 영향은 .234(p<.01)로 나타났다. 학교의 사회적 책임이 조직몰입에 미치는 효과는 직접효과가 .363(p<.001), 간접효과는 .440(p<.01)이 되어 총효과는 .803으로 나타났다.
학교의 사회적 책임과 학교이미지, 동료신뢰, 조직몰입 관계에 대한 연구에서 적합도의 경우 카이자승값은 173.868, 자유도는 71, p값은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나왔다. GFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, CFI는 모두 .9이상이며, RMR은 .028, RMSEA의 값은 .079로 양호한 것으로 나타났다.
구조 분석 결과 학교의 사회적 책임이 학교이미지에 미치는 영향은 .743, 학교의 사회적 책임이 동료신뢰에 미치는 영향은 .478, 학교의 사회적 책임이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .337, 학교이미지가 동료신뢰에 미치는 영향은 .259, 학교이미지가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .293, 동료신뢰가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 .361로 통계적으로 유의하였다.
변수간 직·간접 영향을 분석한 결과 학교의 사회적 책임이 학교이미지에 미치는 효과는 직접효과가 .743(p<.001)이며, 학교이미지가 동료신뢰에 미치는 직접효과는 .259(p<.01), 동료신뢰가 조직몰입에 미치는 직접효과는 .361(p<.001)로 나타났다. 학교의 사회적 책임이 동료신뢰에 미치는 영향은 직접효과가 .478(p<.001), 간접효과는 .192(p<.05)가 되어 총효과는 .670으로 나타났으며, 학교이미지가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 직접효과가 .293(p<.001), 간접효과는 .094(p<.05)로 총효과가 .387로 나타났다. 학교의 사회적 책임이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 직접효과가 .337(p<.001)이며, 이중매개효과로 인한 간접효과는 .460(p<.01)으로 총효과는 .797로 분석되었다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of School Image and School Trust on the relationship between School Social Responsibility and Organizational Commitment. Through the analysis of previous studies, observational variables of School Social Responsibility, Organizational Commitment, School Image, Principal Trust, and Co-workers Trust, which are potential variables, were found and modified according to the school situation.
The School Social Responsibility consisted of Economic Responsibilities, Legal Responsibilities, Ethical Responsibilities, and Philanthropic Responsibilities. The School Image was set to Differentiation, Relevance, Knowledge, Esteem. Observational variables of Principal Trust were set to Faith, Sincerity and Intimacy, and Co-workers Trust consisted of Faith, Integrity and Openness. Organizational Commitment consists of Affective Commitment, Continuous Commitment, and Normative Commitment.
The subjects of this study were to conduct a pilot test for 40 teachers from May 10 using the Statified Random Sampling method for elementary school teachers in Gyeongsangbuk-do, and distributed 260 copies for one month from September. Of the distributed questionnaires, 239 (91.9%) were collected, and 234 (90.0%) were analyzed, except for five parts that were unfaithful or missing.
The measurement instrument consisted of 23 items of School Social Responsibility, 6 items of School Image, 7 items of Principal Trust, 8 items of Co-workers Trust, and 9 items of Organizational Commitment. As a result of analyzing the reliability of the measurement tool, the Intimacy item of the Principal Trust was deleted as .512, and the other items were suitable with the reliability of .7 or more. As a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) to analyze the effectiveness of the measurement tool, it showed that it had convergent validity and discriminant validity.
Descriptive statistical analysis of the observed variables showed a mean value of 3.12 to 4.32, which satisfied the normal distribution. The correlation coefficients between the factors ranged from .368 to .903, and all of them showed statistically significant positive correlations below the significance level of .01.
In the relationship between School Social Responsibility, School Image, Principal Trust, and Organizational Commitment, the chi-square value was 125.791, the degree of freedom was 59, and the p value was statistically significant. GFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, and CFI were all over .9, RMR was .027, RMSEA was .070. The analysis showed that all values were valid. As a result of the structural analysis, the effect of School Social Responsibility on School Image is .745, the effect of School Social Responsibility on Principal Trust is .576, the effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment is .366, and the effect of School Image on Organizational Commitment is .371 and the effect of Principal Trust on Organizational Commitment is .225. However, the effect of School Image on Principal Trust was not statistically significant. As a result of analyzing direct and indirect effects between variables, the direct effect of School Social Responsibility on School Image is .752 (p <.001) and the direct effect of social responsibility activity on Principal Trust is .695 (p < .001). The direct effect of School Image on Organizational Commitment was .369 (p <.001) and the direct effect of Principal Trust on Organizational Commitment was .234 (p <.01). The direct effect of School Social Responsibility activities on Organizational Commitment was .363 (p <.001) and indirect effect was .440 (p <.01), with a total effect of .803.
In the relationship between School Social Responsibility, School Image, Co-workers Trust, and Organizational Commitment, the chi-square value was 173.868, the degree of freedom was 59, and p value was statistically significant. GFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, and CFI were all over .9, RMR was .028, RMSEA was .079. The analysis showed that all values were valid. As a result of the structural analysis, the effect of School Social Responsibility on School Image is .743, the effect of School Social Responsibility on Co-workers Trust is .478, the effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment is .337, the effect of School Image on Co-workers Trust is .259. the effect of School Image on Organizational Commitment is .293, and the effect of Co-workers Trust on the Organizational Commitment is .361. As a result of analyzing direct and indirect effects between variables, the direct effect of School Social Responsibility on School Image is .743 (p <.001) and the direct effect of School Image on Co-workers Trust is .259 (p <. 01) The direct effect of Co-workers Trust on Organizational Commitment was .361 (p <.001). The direct effect of School Social Responsibility on Co-workers Trust was .478 (p <.001) and indirect effect was .192 (p <.05), resulting in a total effect of .670. The direct effect was .293 (p <.001) and indirect effect was .094 (p <.05), with a total effect of .387. The direct effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment was .337 (p <.001), the indirect effect of double mediation effect was .460 (p <.01), and total effect was .797.
The followings are the main discussions on the research results revealed through the research model analysis.
1. School Social Responsibility was analyzed to have a positive effect on School Image.
2. School Social Responsibility was analyzed to have a significant positive effect on School Trust.
3. School Social Responsibility has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment.
4. School Image was analyzed to have a positive effect on Co-workers Trust.
5. School Image and School Trust have a positive effect on Organizational Commitment.
6. In the effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment, School Image has statistically significant static indirect effect and partial mediating effect.
7. In the effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment, School Trust has statistically significant static indirect and partial mediating effects.
8. The effect of School Social Responsibility on Organizational Commitment has a dual mediating effect of School Image and Co-workers Trust.
Suggestions for further research are as follows.
1. We must develop and utilize our own questionnaire about the School Social Responsibility. There is still a lack of research on the School Social Responsibility, and the questionnaire also needs to be verified to be suitable for school.
2. Research on the Education administration staff is necessary. If the role of teachers is important throughout education and school management, then the role and help of Education administration staff in the administrative part of school operations is needed.
3. Various studies are needed on the effects of School Social Responsibility.