The hydrogen embrittlement evaluation of metallic materials is important to secure safety in the hydrogen production, transportation, and storage processes. The slow strain tensile test (SSRT) is a generally adopted test method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. It uses an autoclave to perform the test. However, high cost is required due to advanced facility operation and strict safety protocols. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and fast but reliable test method for screening the hydrogen embrittlement compatibility of carbon steels for storage containers and transportation pipelines. The small punch (SP) test method is more convenient than other test methods, which enables a quantitative evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement compatibility of steels in an external hydrogen environment, such as an actual high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and pipelines. From the viewpoint of establishing a reliable but simple test method, it is important to compare it with the SSRT, which corresponds to the standard test method for screening the hydrogen embrittlement compatibility of steel. Therefore, in this study, to establish a hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity evaluation technique in a high-pressure hydrogen environment and to improve reliability, the SP test and SSRT were used for two kinds of pipeline steels of API X70 and X52 steels to comparatively evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement behavior during each test method. For the SSRT, a hollow tensile specimen was used instead of the conventional autoclave pressure vessel. In particular, it is necessary to compare and evaluate with the SSRT to understand the reduction phenomenon of the maximum load on the load-displacement curves during SP tests due to their characteristic hydrogen embrittlement behavior of ferritic steels. The effect of hydrogen embrittlement through the SSRT under a high-pressure hydrogen environment differed from the results of SP tests which showed a decrease in the maximum load when hydrogen embrittlement occurred. Moreover, according to the results obtained by SSRT using hollow tensile specimen, the hydrogen embrittlement occurred at the non-uniform plastic deformation region (usually corresponds to the necking region) after UTS, which leads to rapid fracture, indicating a decrease in elongation. In addition, the effect of hydrogen embrittlement induced in high-pressure hydrogen environments was investigated by observing the SEM fractography of fractured specimens after the SP test and the SSRT. They supported the behaviors of the load-displacement curves or the stress-strain curves obtained.