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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
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Historians have disagreed on the effects of the French Revolution on economy and development of the industrial capitalism. Recently, the negative effects have been stressed. In this perspective, the Revolution and revolutionary war are considered very unfavorable for the industrial and commercial activities. And the transfer of the advanced technology of England was made more difficult. As a historian argued, the French Revolution might have been a national catastrophe in the sense that it enlarged the economic gap between France and England. But as F. Crouzet said, the long-term effects are as much important as the short-term effects.
It is undeniable that the Revolution should have played some positive roles. First, it helped the cotton-spinning industry to be established. A number of years before the Revolution, the newly invented machines of England, concretely Arkwright's water-frame and Watt's steam-engine, were already introduced Some cotton industrialists erected the cotton mills after the English model. The Revolution gave them a number of monastic buildings which had been confiscated as national property ('biens nationaux'). They could buy them cheap and transform it into good cotton-spinning mills. The 'biens nationaux' brought profound change in the composition of ironworks owners as well. The percentage of the bourgeois iron industrialists increased. Secondly, the protectionist trade policies adopted by revolutionary government, in particular Napoleonic government, were very favorable for the industrialists.
In a sense, the Revolution afforded some handsome opportunities to make fortune to the industrial capitalists. But there were some threats that they had to face. The most serious came from the popular movement at the period of the Terror. Some parisian bankers were thrown in prison. Nevertheless, they could pass the most terrible period preserving their lives and properties. Furthermore, some of them increased their fortunes by speculation on the 'biens nationaux'. After the storm passed, the parisian leading bankers ('haute banque') reestablished their banks, the 'Caisse des comptes courants' and the 'Banque de France'. The Banque de France was to be a pillar of bourgeois France of the century to come. Leading bankers collaborated with Napoleon from the coup d'Etat. In this regard, the bankers' good fortune contrasts with the misfortune of the 'financiers'. The latter were too much attached to the 'ancien regime'.
In sum, the French Revolution helped the industrialists to develop their enterprises. The cotton industry was the most favored industry at that time. Its development stimulated the machine construction. At the Napoleonic period, the cotton industry came to be established as a national industry. The cotton industry laid the basis for the industrial revolution. In contrast, the metallurgy, another important industry at the time, could not succeed in the technical innovation as a model ironworks, 'Le Creusot' showed.
It is undeniable that the Revolution should have played some positive roles. First, it helped the cotton-spinning industry to be established. A number of years before the Revolution, the newly invented machines of England, concretely Arkwright's water-frame and Watt's steam-engine, were already introduced Some cotton industrialists erected the cotton mills after the English model. The Revolution gave them a number of monastic buildings which had been confiscated as national property ('biens nationaux'). They could buy them cheap and transform it into good cotton-spinning mills. The 'biens nationaux' brought profound change in the composition of ironworks owners as well. The percentage of the bourgeois iron industrialists increased. Secondly, the protectionist trade policies adopted by revolutionary government, in particular Napoleonic government, were very favorable for the industrialists.
In a sense, the Revolution afforded some handsome opportunities to make fortune to the industrial capitalists. But there were some threats that they had to face. The most serious came from the popular movement at the period of the Terror. Some parisian bankers were thrown in prison. Nevertheless, they could pass the most terrible period preserving their lives and properties. Furthermore, some of them increased their fortunes by speculation on the 'biens nationaux'. After the storm passed, the parisian leading bankers ('haute banque') reestablished their banks, the 'Caisse des comptes courants' and the 'Banque de France'. The Banque de France was to be a pillar of bourgeois France of the century to come. Leading bankers collaborated with Napoleon from the coup d'Etat. In this regard, the bankers' good fortune contrasts with the misfortune of the 'financiers'. The latter were too much attached to the 'ancien regime'.
In sum, the French Revolution helped the industrialists to develop their enterprises. The cotton industry was the most favored industry at that time. Its development stimulated the machine construction. At the Napoleonic period, the cotton industry came to be established as a national industry. The cotton industry laid the basis for the industrial revolution. In contrast, the metallurgy, another important industry at the time, could not succeed in the technical innovation as a model ironworks, 'Le Creusot' showed.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 영국 기술의 도입과 확산
3. 경제적 틀의 변화
4. 혁명기의 금융업자들
5. 맺음말
Abstract
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