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초록· 키워드
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James Madison had a realistic view of human nature. While the latent causes of faction are sown into human nature. Madison was clear that at least some people can overcome its impulse and act in a way consonant with aggregate interests of the whole. Also he assumed that American people were potentially virtuous. The Federalists including Madison tried to make the type of political arrangement compatible with the nature of American people, resulting the creation of the U. S. Constitution.
In interpreting the making of the federal Constitution. Gordon S. Wood argues that the Federalists hoped to create an entirely new and original sort of republican government which did not require a virtuous people for its sustenance. It is clear that the Federalists including Madison offered a mechanism for reconciling and harmonizing the clashing selfish interests. They aimed to build a new system which relies on the moderating effect of the multiplicity of interests, which is the advantage to the extended republic by replacing the republicanism of the 13 state constitutions with that of the federal Constitution. In other words, they relied not on the virtue but on the system, in making the Constitution. But the Federalists knew it was not enough to make the complex system of the Constitution work. They thought that some degree of virtue was necessary for any free and secure government whatever its constitutional form.
Also Wood's argument that only the natural elite had the public virtue and that the Federalists' plans for the Constitution was a grand effort to realize "virtuous politics" by the natural elite is criticizable. It is true that Madison, like other Federalists, continued to hold out the possibility of “virtuous politics." He retained the steadfast republican hope that there were at least a few people who achieved a high level of virtue enough to be political leaders in American society. Unlike Wood’s argument, however, what Madison trusted were not political leaders and their virtue. What he ultimately trusted were people who elect their leaders and the virtue which people have. He believed that people had the basic virtue enough to sustain the system which is based upon the elections. Therefore, what is at issue in the debate over the Constitution is level of virtue. It is not, at least in Madison’s mind, a question of virtue or no virtue. In conclusion. Madison and the other Federalists sought to establish a Constitution that could be founded on a more realistic level of virtue.
In interpreting the making of the federal Constitution. Gordon S. Wood argues that the Federalists hoped to create an entirely new and original sort of republican government which did not require a virtuous people for its sustenance. It is clear that the Federalists including Madison offered a mechanism for reconciling and harmonizing the clashing selfish interests. They aimed to build a new system which relies on the moderating effect of the multiplicity of interests, which is the advantage to the extended republic by replacing the republicanism of the 13 state constitutions with that of the federal Constitution. In other words, they relied not on the virtue but on the system, in making the Constitution. But the Federalists knew it was not enough to make the complex system of the Constitution work. They thought that some degree of virtue was necessary for any free and secure government whatever its constitutional form.
Also Wood's argument that only the natural elite had the public virtue and that the Federalists' plans for the Constitution was a grand effort to realize "virtuous politics" by the natural elite is criticizable. It is true that Madison, like other Federalists, continued to hold out the possibility of “virtuous politics." He retained the steadfast republican hope that there were at least a few people who achieved a high level of virtue enough to be political leaders in American society. Unlike Wood’s argument, however, what Madison trusted were not political leaders and their virtue. What he ultimately trusted were people who elect their leaders and the virtue which people have. He believed that people had the basic virtue enough to sustain the system which is based upon the elections. Therefore, what is at issue in the debate over the Constitution is level of virtue. It is not, at least in Madison’s mind, a question of virtue or no virtue. In conclusion. Madison and the other Federalists sought to establish a Constitution that could be founded on a more realistic level of virtue.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 인간의 본성에 관한 매디슨의 견해
3. 우드의 해석에 대한 비판 (1)
4. 우드의 해석에 대한 비판 (2)
5. 맺음말
Abstract
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