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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
미국헌법학회 미국헌법연구 미국헌법연구 제16권 제1호
발행연도
2005.2
수록면
63 - 127 (65page)

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초록· 키워드

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Under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. neither of obscenity and child pornography is protected speech. Then.should "virtual" child pornography be also prohibited? The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996(CPPA) regulated virtual child pornography being outside the scope of the First Amendment. The First, Eleventh. Fourth. and Fifth U.S. Circuits upheld the CPPA as constitutional act, but only Ninth Circuit held that it is unconstitutionally overbroad and vague. The U.S. Supreme Court held that CPPA is overbroad and unconstitutional. About the difficulties of prosecution and other justifications which the Congress insisted. the Court evaluated that they were persuasive but could not be satisfied by the strict scrutiny for the guarantee of Freedom of Expression. Especially the Court emphasized that the virtual child pornography is not only obscenity but (real) child pornography, so it is guaranteed under the First Amendment.
The problems of virtual child pornography themselves can be partly solved by the application of the existing child sexual abuse acts or obscenity enforcement acts etc.. These methods are not prohibitions of virtual child pornography itself, so the problem of overbreadth cannot be occurred. But by the development of technology. if the distinction of 'real' child pornography and 'virtual' child pornography is impossible, the misuse of virtual child pornography to escape the prosecution cannot be solved by the existing regulations.
Although it is reasonable that the overbreadth doctrine should be applied to guarantee Freedom of Expression, as Justice Thomas pointed out. the legal expression -virtual child pornography- may be partly restricted to guarantee the effective law enforcement. especially when the illegal expression -real child pornography- cannot be prosecuted by the development of technology. In conclusion, not only the definition of virtual child pornography must be more strictly restricted, but also the insistence of the Congress on necessities of regulation must be more persuasive. And the Supreme Court must adapt not strict scrutiny but intermediate scrutiny, because virtual child pornography is a legal expression but a "low-value" speech.

목차

Ⅰ. 序說
Ⅱ. 靑少年性表現物에 대한 聯邦規制立法
Ⅲ. 假像靑少年性表現物의 規制立法(CPPA)에 대한 判例
Ⅳ. 假像靑少年性表現物의 規制立法(CPPA)에 대한 憲法的 論議와 檢討
Ⅴ. 結語
【Abstract】

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