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This paper deals with one of the perennial problems of philosophy, namely the question "Whether there is reality independent of our mind." According to what Putnam calls Metaphysical Realism, the world consists of some fixed totality of mind-independent objects. There is exactly one true and complete description of the way the world is. This position has been favored for a long time by many philosophers because of its strong attraction, e.g. the passion for the beyond, the desire to achieve the objective and eternal truth. But the difficulty in Metaphysical Realism is that it assumes a God's Eye point of view from the start, thus we face a difficult task of attaining such a view.
The weakness in the above position suggests that there may be many ways in which we approach reality. Idealism is one of these alternatives, according to which the essence of reality lies within our mind which contains ideas in it. Idealism represents the typical characteristics of modern philosophy since Descartes. But this position cannot be considered as an adequate theory of reality because it cannot dissolve the dichotomy between the veil of ideas and the world as it is. In other words, most idealists are unable to penetrate the veil of ideas. At this point, Berkeley's theistic idealism -to be is to be perceived- comes to us as a convincing choice.
Berkeley's idealism is convincing, we argue, in that it answers the two vexing questions at once. First, it eliminates our burden of explaining the relation between the mind and the world Secondly, it still makes sure that reality obtains. What we experience is reality itself, and different experiences are in harmony with each other by virtue of Author of Nature which is God. The problem remains as to how God causes ideas in our minds. But his position on the whole seems to give us an answer to the dilemma concerning the problem of reality.
The weakness in the above position suggests that there may be many ways in which we approach reality. Idealism is one of these alternatives, according to which the essence of reality lies within our mind which contains ideas in it. Idealism represents the typical characteristics of modern philosophy since Descartes. But this position cannot be considered as an adequate theory of reality because it cannot dissolve the dichotomy between the veil of ideas and the world as it is. In other words, most idealists are unable to penetrate the veil of ideas. At this point, Berkeley's theistic idealism -to be is to be perceived- comes to us as a convincing choice.
Berkeley's idealism is convincing, we argue, in that it answers the two vexing questions at once. First, it eliminates our burden of explaining the relation between the mind and the world Secondly, it still makes sure that reality obtains. What we experience is reality itself, and different experiences are in harmony with each other by virtue of Author of Nature which is God. The problem remains as to how God causes ideas in our minds. But his position on the whole seems to give us an answer to the dilemma concerning the problem of reality.
목차
Ⅰ. 問題提起: 現象과 實在
Ⅱ. 客觀的 世界
Ⅲ. 世界와 觀念
Ⅳ. 有神論的 觀念論
Ⅴ. 結論
【參考文獻】
〈Abstract〉
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