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Korean Society 20 years after the Democratization - Democracy at Crossroads
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민주화 20년의 한국 사회 : 기로에 선 한국 민주주의

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
Korean Critical Sociological Association ECONOMY AND SOCIETY WN.74 KCI Excellent Accredited Journal
Published
2007.6
Pages
34 - 65 (34page)

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Korean Society 20 years after the Democratization - Democracy at Crossroads
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This paper aims at assessing South Korean democracy 20 years after the democratization with regard to the "quality of democracy." In order to achieve this aim, first of all, it examines various statistical data reflecting some paradigmatic changes for the last 20 years. Drawing upon the statistics, it analyzes (1) procedural democracy in the political sphere, (2) substantial democracy in the economic sphere, and (3) socio-cultural democracy in civil society.
Through the analysis, I put forth four claims. First, the political democracy is not yet fully-fledged. Despite a fair amount of achievement in democratic procedures, there still remain some significant restraints in reality. The conservative monopoly party system is the most inherent limit to prevent upgrading of democracy in spite of institutional maturation. Second, the economic democracy has been exacerbated since the economic crisis in 1997-98. While the total wealth of the whole society has been increased by the steady economic growth, increasing inequalities has amounted to multiple social polarizations in class, inter-regional, and inter-firm levels. Third, the increasing pressure of the social polarization has undermined the socio-cultural foundation of the democracy. The crisis of the family and individuals has takenvarious forms such as the class reproduction strengthened by unequal education opportunities, the serious divorce rate at the highest in Asia, and the suicide rate at the highest among the OECD countries. And, fourth, despite the limits in political and economic democracy, democratization has begotten new values and social forces, as manifested by the multiplication of civic associations and social movement organizations, changes in the public sphere, and diversification of civil consciousness.
20 years after the democratization, Korean democracy is faced a new challenge. The future is not clear. The limits in economic democracy exacerbated by the social polarization might push political democracy backward. But, faced with this pressure, the new values and social forces brought forth by the maturation of socio-cultural democracy may make democracy leap forward. Now, it is at crossroads.

Contents

1. 민주화는 무엇을 의미하는가?
2. 아직은 부족한 정치적 민주주의
3. 악화되는 경제적 민주주의
4. 민주화의 이중적 효과로서의 사회문화적 민주주의
5. 기로에 선 민주주의
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-305-016684143